Other jewels, including some gifted to the Queen by the Nawab of Arcot, were to be evenly distributed among her surviving daughters. Suite au mariage de Margarita de Castro y Sousa avec Jean de Neufchtel, ils sont les anctres de plusieurs familles de la noblesse europenne. Maria Margarida de Castro e Albuquerque (nasceu em Olinda? The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom are impaled with her father's arms as a Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. According to The New York Post, Margarita de Castro e Souza claimed she "is a descendant of King Alfonso III of Portugal (1210-1279) and his one-named black mistress, Madragana.". As George's wife, she was also Electress of Hanover until becoming Queen of Hanover on 12 October 1814, when the electorate became a kingdom. Hold on, you might be saying. "[32] The practice of decorating a tree became popular among the British nobility and gentry, and later spread to the colonies. Niektrzy sugeruj, e jedn z odlegych przodki Charlotty bya Margarita de Castro e Souza, XV-wieczna portugalska szlachcianka, ktrej pochodzenie wywodzi si z kolei od krla . ", Valdes's suggestion is that Ramsay was an anti-slavery campaigner who would not have suppressed any "African characteristics" but perhaps might have stressed them for political reasons. [29] Her interest in botany led to the South African flower, the Bird of Paradise, being named Strelitzia reginae in her honour. Or would our royal family be threatened if it were shown they had African forebears? [53], Places named after her include the Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii) in British Columbia, Canada, and Queen Charlotte City on Haida Gwaii; Queen Charlotte Sound (not far from the Haida Gwaii Islands); Queen Charlotte Channel (near Vancouver, Canada); Queen Charlotte Bay in West Falkland; Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand; several fortifications, including Fort Charlotte, Saint Vincent; Charlottesville, Virginia; Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; Charlotte, North Carolina;[54] Mecklenburg County, North Carolina; Mecklenburg County, Virginia; Charlotte County, Virginia, Charlotte County, Florida, Port Charlotte, Florida, Charlotte Harbor, Florida, and Charlotte, Vermont. Therefore this article should not be deleted. "Moors could be white from North Africa. If you google Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, you'll quickly come across a historian called Mario de Valdes y Cocom. Mother of Isabeau de Neufchtel; Jeanne de Neufchtel; Ferdinand de Neufchtel, Sire de Narnay, Montaigu; Carlos de Neufchastel, arzobispo de Basanzon; Margarita de Neufchastel and 3 others; Philippe de Neufchtel, seigneur de Fontenoy; Jean de Neufchtel, Seigneur de Sant-Aubin and Avoye de Neufchtel less [76] These details gave rise to much later claims that the queen was "mixed-race",[77][78] "biracial",[79] or "black". [5] She received some rudimentary instruction in botany, natural history, and language from tutors, but her education focused on household management and religionthe latter taught by a priest. He claims that the queen, though German, was directly descended from a black branch of the Portuguese royal family, related to Margarita de Castro e Souza, a 15th-century Portuguese. Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz, by stu Wikipedia, Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen (4 August, 1713 ndash; 29 June, 1761) was a member of the reigning family of Mecklenburg Strelitz during the 18th century.She was born a daughter of Ernst Frederick I, Duke of Saxe Hildburghausen (1681 ndash; 1724) and his wife Sophia Albertine Wikipedia, Duc Cet article concerne le titre de noblesse. Furthermore, her portraiture was not atypical for her time, and painted portraits in general should not be considered reliable evidence of a sitter's true appearance. Evidence has been obtainedsuggesting thatQueen Charlotte was directly descended from Margarita de Castro y Sousa, a Black branch of the Portuguese Royal House. So when it came to adapting Bridgerton, which is executive produced by Shonda Rhimes and Betsy Beers, Charlottes real-life background gave them an opportunity to influence the adaptation with more modern themes and ideas by depicting a more racially diverse interpretation of the time period, where Black people now hold titles and power equal to their white counterparts. This connection to Madragana comes via Charlotte's 15th century ancestor Margarita de Castro e Souza, a member of the Portuguese nobility, who - some assert - may have been Black. Voici des anctres que se partagent donc la famille royale britannique et la reine Mxima, pourtant roturire. Pour les hypothses concernant les origines de la dynastie, voir l article Wikipdia en Franais, Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Anexo:Botnicos por la abreviatura del autor, LVII Legislatura del Congreso de la Unin de Mxico. *Manuel Abranches de Soveral, "Origem dos Souza ditos do Prado", in "Machado de Vila Pouca de Aguiar. Geni requires JavaScript! But according to her and many historians, the generational distance between Charlotte and her possible African ancestor was so great that it made the suggestion ridiculous. They also said there was little evidence to show that Madragana was African. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, was chartered in 1766 as Queen's College, in reference to Queen Charlotte. Whether she will, though, is much less certain. Assim, a nobre estaria diretamente ligada ao ramo negro da Casa Real Portuguesa.. Segundo o pesquisador e historiador Mario de Valdes y Cocom, especialista em dispora africana, "seis linhas diferentes podem ser traadas ligando a rainha inglesa Charlotte e Margarita . [89][75][90][91][80] Aside from Stockmar's jab at her appearance shortly before her death, Charlotte was never referred to as having any specifically African physical features, let alone ancestry, during her lifetime. If we class Charlotte as black, then ergo Queen Victoria and our entire royal family, [down] to Prince Harry, are also black a very interesting concept.". A large copy of the Allan Ramsay portrait of Queen Charlotte hangs in the main lobby of the hospital. Perhaps she should get more. According to the Washington Post, Valdes said that Portuguese royal Alfonso III's mistress Ouruana was a Black Moor. Margarida Alexandra Castro de Souza e Albuquerque * 1968; Margarida de Andrade de Albuquerque; Margarida de Arruda Coutinho de Medeiros Albuquerque; Margarida Brbara Joaquina de Albuquerque * 1750; D. Margarida Campos de Carvalho de Alarco Albuquerque * 2011; Margarida Cndida de Lacerda Aranha Mouro e Albuquerque; Margarida da Cunha de . "We all recognised that we all came from some place else. [30], Queen Charlotte has also been credited with introducing the Christmas tree to Britain and its colonies. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. A funerary hatchment displaying the Queen's full coat of arms, painted in 1818, is on display at Kew Palace. [6] In an argument he accused her of having sided with his enemies, while she called him the enemy of the King. The comparison is even more interesting considering that Charlotte and the Queen of France were close friends and confidants in real life, making us wonder if Charlotte opens the door for more real-life figures to appear in future seasons. [2], The children of Duke Charles were all born at the Untere Schloss (Lower Castle) in Mirow. It's quite possible. The marriage lasted 57 years, and produced 15 children, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. [6], King George III and Queen Charlotte were music connoisseurs with German tastes, who gave special honour to German artists and composers. "We were a lot more immigrant-friendly in those days than we were friendly to people of colour," says Watt. Margarita de Castro y Sousa (too old to reply) e***@gmail.com 5 years ago Leo Van de Pas..well, don't you sound like a bigot."yuck" as you wrote. "No h munio suficiente em todos os pases da OTAN." - Ministra da Defesa da Espanha, Margarita Robles. ", Interestingly, back in 1999, after Valdes' research was reported on in The London Sunday Times and The Boston Globe, Buckingham Palace responded to the claim. "If she was black," says the historian Kate Williams, "this raises a lot of important suggestions about not only our royal family but those of most of Europe, considering that Queen Victoria's descendants are spread across most of the royal families of Europe and beyond. Charlotte's name was given to thoroughfares throughout Georgian Britain - most notably Charlotte Square in Edinburgh's New Town - but her lack of resonance and glamour in the minds of Londoners is typified by the fact that there is a little square in Bloomsbury called Queen's Square. It is a matter of history, and frankly, we've got far more important things to talk about. Pgs. p. xvi, 18. It didn't mean Black necessarily," she said. As Charlotte was a minor German princess with no interest in politics, George considered her a suitable consort, and they married in 1761. [6] [48] She was buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. [3] According to diplomatic reports at the time of her engagement to GeorgeIII in 1761, Charlotte had received "a very mediocre education". They reached Strelitz on 14 August 1761, and were received the next day by the reigning duke, Princess Charlotte's brother, at which time the marriage contract was signed by him on the one hand and Lord Harcourt on the other. Historian John H Plumb described her as "plain and undesirable". Though Queen Charlotte was German, De Valdes y Cocom's research shows the queen was directly descended from a branch of the Portuguese royal family, related to Margarita de Castro e Souza, a . About Margarita de Castro e Sousa Doa Margarita de Caftro, Dama de la Infanta Doa Ifabel, caf en Borgoa con Juan de Neufchaftel, hijo fegundo de Theovaldo, feptimo Seor de Neufchaftel y de Caftelfur Mofela, Cavallero del Toyfon y Gran Marifcal de Borgoa. Subject: Margarita de Castro y Sousa > Possibly the reference to an African Queen of a British monarch referred to > Duchess Charlotte Sophie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III > of Great Britain, (1738-1820). Although now just a historical curio, it was controversially invoked recently by the African-American lawyer Alton Maddox Jr, who argued that under the one-drop rule, Barack Obama wouldn't be the first black president. Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain. Margarida de Castro e Sousa, was a 15th-century Portuguese noblewoman, who traced her ancestry to King Afonso III of Portugal (1210-1279) and one of his mistresses, Madragana (c. Portraits of Queen Charlotte came under much scrutiny as evidence of her African ancestry were to be hidden, especially in paintings of her. The Ogre (talk) 13:33, 26 May 2009 (UTC), Consider it done! O elo de ligao, segundo Valdes y Cocom, seria a nobre Margarita de Castro e Sousa, que viveu no sculo 15. They argue the generational distance between Charlotte and her presumed African forebear is so great as to make the suggestion ridiculous. Margarida de Castro e Souza, a 15th century Portuguese noblewoman, was an ancestor of Queen Charlotte, 1744-1818, consort of King George III of the United Kingdom, through her mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen. In 1760, the young and unmarried GeorgeIII inherited the British throne. For other uses, see Queen Charlotte (disambiguation). Birth of Carlos de Neufchastel, arzobispo de Basanzon, Birth of Philippe de Neufchtel, seigneur de Fontenoy. Madragana foi descrita pelo cronista portugus Duarte Nunes de Leo como moura, um nome que caracterizava os nativos do norte da . Known as the "Grandmother of European Royalty," Charlotte was born on May 19, 1744 and died Nov. 17, 1818. [But] Sir Allan Ramsay was the artist responsible for the majority of the paintings of the queen, and his representations of her were the most decidedly African of all her portraits. Queen Charlotte endeared herself to her ladies and to her children's attendants by treating them with friendly warmth, reflected in this note she wrote to her daughters' assistant governess: My dear Miss Hamilton, What can I have to say? And the city's art gallery, the Mint museum, holds a sumptuous 1762 portrait of Charlotte by the Scottish portrait painter Allan Ramsay, showing the Queen of England in regal robes aged 17, the year after she married George III. But maybe that isn't the most important issue, anyway. In the middle is a sculpture of a queen. circa 1770: Charlotte Sophia, (1744 - 1818), Queen of Great Britain through her marriage to King George III in 1761. It's about a society. Van Dusen says. Margarita de Castro e Souza herself descended from King Alfonso III of Portugal and his concubine, Madragana, a Moor that Alfonso III took as . The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images. Blackmore, Josiah (2009). There is also direct genealogical evidence. *Jos Augusto de Sotto Mayor Pizarro, Linhagens Medievais Portuguesas, 3 vols., Porto, Universidade Moderna, 1999. Menocal, Mara Rosa (2002). While the Shondaland Netflix original seriesBridgertonis not technically a historical drama in the same sense as the streaming platforms The Crown or Hulus The Great, it does include several key real-life figures -- namely Queen Charlotte played by Golda Rosheuvel -- who help bring the Regency era back to life. This theory was also fueled by the fictional Netflix show Bridgerton, which depicted a Black Queen Charlotte. "Queen Charlotte, wife of the English King George III (1738-1820), was directly descended from Margarita de Castro y Sousa, a Black branch of the Portuguese Royal House," Valdes wrote for PBS' Frontline. [36] The education of women was of great importance to her, and she ensured that her daughters were better educated than was usual for young women of the day; however, she also insisted that her daughters live restricted lives close to their mother, and she refused to allow them to marry until they were well-advanced in years. O elo de ligao, segundo Valdes y Cocom, seria a nobre Margarita de Castro e Sousa, que viveu no sculo 15. They were passionate admirers of the music of George Frideric Handel. [6], The King's bout of physical and mental illness in 1788 distressed and terrified the Queen. While her son, the Prince Regent, wielded the royal power, she was her spouse's legal guardian from 1811 until her death in 1818. Queen Charlotte of Britain was a mixed-race woman of African ancestry. Margarita de Castro e Souza Margarida de Castro e Souza, a 15th century Portuguese noblewoman, was an ancestor of Queen Charlotte, 1744 1818, consort of King George III of the United Kingdom, through her mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe Hildburghausen. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova Margarita de Castro e Sousa's 11x great grandson was Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse and the Rhein Margarita de Castro e Sousa's 11x great granddaughter was Princess Alice, Countess Of Athlone Margarita de Castro e Sousa's 11x great granddaughter was Grand Duchess Mariya Mikhailovna Of Russia Margarita de Castro e . Statues of Queen Charlotte stand on Queen Square in Bloomsbury, London,[61] and at both Charlotte Douglas International Airport[62] and the International Trade Center[63] in Charlotte, North Carolina. Could she have used her power to elevate other people of color in society? Sophie Charlotte descendia diretamente de um ramo africano da Casa Real Portuguesa, Margarita de Castro y Sousa. Ascendncias e parentescos da Casa do Couto d'Alm em Soutelo de Aguiar", Porto, 2000. Her mother-in-law and Lord Bute had unsuccessfully opposed this arrangement, but as the King's illness of 1765 was temporary, Charlotte was aware neither of it, nor of the Regency Bill. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Six different lines can be traced from Princess Sophie Charlotte back to Margarita de Castro y Sousa. They were received by the King and his family at the garden gate, which marked the first meeting of the bride and groom. Yes, Aloandro Ben Bekar was partially of Sephardic origin, so Margarita de Castro e Souza also had that in her genealogy. Street after street is named after her, and Charlotte itself revels in the nickname the Queen City - even though, shortly after the city was named in her honour, the American War of Independence broke out, making her the queen of the enemy. To even the casual observer one can see he was an African with European ancestry. 10 European Kings, Queens and Noblemen Who Would Be Considered Black by the One Drop Rule, Heres Why Other Caribbean Nations, Not Just Jamaica, Should Break Free from Queen Elizabeth as Their Head of State, Taye Diggs Responds to Backlash About His Sons Biracial Identity, Judge Mathis Schools Woman Who Claims Shes Not Black about Self-Hate. [90][80] Historian Andrew Roberts describes the claims as "utter rubbish", and attributes its public popularity to a hesitancy among historians to openly address it due to its "cultural cringe factor". You'd expect they would have a field day if she was.". Her husband died just over a year later. https://ift.tt/30LkN1u Margarida de Castro e Souza, a 15th century Portuguese noblewoman, was an ancestor of Queen Charlotte, 1744-1818, consort of King George III of the United Kingdom, through her mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen.. Margarida's descent from a 6 times removed speculated (albeit unproven . But Valdes suggests that the way Queen Charlotte is depicted in Ramsay's 1762 portrait - which US artist Ken Aptekar is now using as the starting point for a new art project called Charlotte's Charlotte - supports the view she had African ancestors. 26 Feb 2023 10:35:49 "Margarita" is not the usual spelling, "Margarida" is at least currently, I'mm not sure about the 1400ies . Margarita DeCastro was born in "Many of us are now enjoying a bit of 'I told you so', now that the story is out. More private and compact, the new property stood amid rolling parkland not far from St James's Palace. She married George III of England on September 8, 1761, at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London, at the age of 17 years of age becoming the Queen of England and Ireland. Only after her brother Adolphus Frederick succeeded to the ducal throne, in 1752, did she gain any experience of princely duties and of court life. Pour les hypothses concernant les origines de la Wikipdia en Franais, Gnalogie Gnrale Des Captiens Cette page est une annexe de: Captiens Gnalogie gnrale des Captiens Annexe de: Captiens Cette gnalogie ne prsente que les certitudes. [74] The idea originated with writer J. His mother and advisors were eager to have him settled in marriage. O elo, segundo Valdes y Cocom, seria a nobre Margarita de Castro e Sousa, que viveu no sculo 15. Was Queen Charlotte Eventually in 1858, over twenty years after the death of WilliamIV and nearly forty years after Charlotte's death, the matter was decided in favour of Ernest's son George, upon which Victoria had the jewels given into the custody of the Hanoverian ambassador. As for Valdes, he turns out to be an independent historian of the African diaspora who has argued that Peter Ustinov, Heather Locklear, the Medicis, and the Vanderbilts have African ancestry. The writer Fanny Burney, at that time one of the Queen's attendants, overheard her moaning to herself with "desponding sound": "What will become of me? Sophia Charlotte was born on 19 May 1744. Contudo, o que realmente provaria a ligao Margarita de Castro e Sousa, uma nobre do sculo XV, descendia de Madragana. Charlotte was born into the royal family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a duchy in northern Germany. Queen Charlotte, wife of the English King George III (1738-1820), was directly descended from Margarita de Castro y Sousa, a black branch of the Portuguese Royal House. He notes that Charlotte's doctors occasionally used racially pejorative terms to describe her features, illustrating his claims with . ", "The Blurred Racial Lines of Famous Families", "Was Queen Charlotte Black? Stockmar, who served as personal physician to the queen's granddaughter's husband LeopoldI of Belgium, arrived at court just two years before Charlotte's death in 1816. [6] The followers of the Prince of Wales, notably Sir Gilbert Ellis, in turn suspected the Queen of a plan to have the King declared sane with the assistance of Doctor Willis and Prime Minister Pitt, so that he could have her appointed Regent should he fall ill again, and then have him declared insane again and assume the Regency. "The theory does not impress me, but even if it were true, the whole thing would have been so diluted by this stage that it couldn't matter less to our royal family. Ne en 1419; Dcde en 1483, l'ge de 64 ans Parents. Mary, Princess Royal (Mary Henrietta; 4 November 1631 - 24 December 1660) was Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau by marriage to Prince William II, and co-regent for her son during his minority as Sovereign Prince of Orange from 1651 to 1660. The proposed North American colonies of Vandalia[55][56][57] and Charlotina were also named for her. Marie Antoinette confided in Charlotte upon the outbreak of the French Revolution. "The Expediency of Securing Our American Colonies, &c." (1763), p. 14. "[17], From 1778 the Royal family spent much of their time at a newly constructed residence, the Queen's Lodge at Windsor, opposite Windsor Castle, in Windsor Great Park, where the King enjoyed hunting deer. [65], Queen Charlotte was played by Frances White in the 1979 television series Prince Regent, by Helen Mirren in the 1994 film The Madness of King George, [66] and by Guyanese-British actress Golda Rosheuvel in the 2020 Netflix original series Bridgerton.[67]. Did I miss something? A. Rogers's 1940 book Sex and Race: Volume I,[75][76] in which he concluded that the queen must have had a "Negro strain" based on what he described as her "broad nostrils and heavy lips" in her portrait by Allan Ramsay, and a quote by Horace Walpole describing her "nostrils spreading too wide; mouth has the same fault". [6], The King enjoyed country pursuits and riding and preferred to keep his family's residence as much as possible in the then rural towns of Kew and Richmond. She was greatly distraught when she heard the news that the King and Queen of France had been executed. [51], The rest of Charlotte's property was sold at auction from May to August 1819. These men are exhibited for their stature and Grecian-God like builds. "[99], Media related to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Wikimedia Commons, "Queen Charlotte" redirects here. Valdes wrote about her likely ancestor, as well as the queens mulatto features: Queen Charlotte, wife of the English King George III (1738-1820), was directly descended from Margarita de Castro y Sousa, a black branch of the Portuguese Royal House. As princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sophie Charlotte was descended directly from an African branch of the Portuguese Royal House, Margarita de Castro y Sousa. [6] After having attended a reception in London on 29 April 1817, she was jeered by a crowd. Original file (983 1,682 pixels, file size: 165 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg). Valdes describes how Sir Allan Ramsay, the queens portrait artist, depicted her with distinctly African features, which could have been a political gesture in that time period: Artists of that period were expected to play down, soften or even obliterate undesirable features in a subject's face. Oprah Winfrey's interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry made headlines in March 2021, particularly over allegations of racism in the British royal family. They neither confirmed nor denied Charlotte's possible ancestry: "This has been rumored for years and years. "She was famously ugly," says Desmond Shawe-Taylor, surveyor of the Queen's pictures. Royalty & Race Equality as Prince Harry - Duke of Sussex marries African American Meghan Markle - Duchess of Sussex. Charlotte then became Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. [32][33] That year, she held a large Christmas party for the children of all the families in Windsor and placed a whole tree in the drawing-room, decorated with tinsel, glass, baubles and fruits. And Charlottes presence on the show is very much addressed by its Black characters, noting that without her,they would not necessarily have been afforded the same opportunities. *Felgueiras Gayo & Carvalhos de Basto, "Nobilirio das Famlias de Portugal", Braga, 1989. "La reina Carlota, esposa del rey de Inglaterra, Jorge III, descenda directamente de Margarita de Castro y Sousa, una rama negra de la casa real portuguesa", seal el historiador en 1996. They included two future British monarchs, GeorgeIV and WilliamIV; as well as Charlotte, Princess Royal, who became Queen of Wrttemberg; Prince Edward, the father of Queen Victoria; Prince Adolphus, grandfather of the British queen consort Mary of Teck; and Prince Ernest Augustus, who became King of Hanover. And if an old dead queen can help improve racial trust in an American city, perhaps she could do something similar over here. Elizabeth was an eighth-generation descedant of Margarita de Castro e Sousa (d. 1483). Margarida de Castro e Sousa, was a 15th-century Portuguese noblewoman, who traced her ancestry to King Afonso III of Portugal (1210-1279) and one of his mistresses, Madragana (c. Lands? [81], In 1999, PBS writer Mario de Valdes y Cocom popularized and expanded on Rogers's claim in a website developed for PBS Frontline,[82] which has since been cited as the main source by a number of articles on the topic. *Antnio Caetano de Sousa, "Histria Genealgica da Casa Real Portuguesa", Coimbra, Atlntida-Livraria Editora, 1946. [20] Charlotte particularly interested herself in German issues. "The word 'blackamoor' in Shakespeare's time meant Muslim. The resulting suite of paintings is a series of riffs on that Ramsay portrait of Charlotte. The Ogre (talk) 17:55, 26 May 2009 (UTC), Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz#Claims of African ancestry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Margarita_de_Castro_e_Souza&oldid=339518201, This page was last edited on 23 January 2010, at 11:35. They were parents to daughter . I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses: Margarita de Castro e Souza genealogy and descent.JPG. We will never know which box Queen Charlotte would have ticked, though we can take a good guess. Queen Consort Charlotte of Wrttemberg. She reigned during the American revolution and was our queen before we became independent. Downtown, there is another prominent sculpture of Queen Charlotte, in which she's walking with two dogs as if out for a stroll in 21st-century America. [72][78][80], Proponents of the African ancestry claim also hold to a literal interpretation of Baron Stockmar's diary, in which he described Charlotte as "small and crooked, with a real Mulatto face". [6], As the King gradually became permanently insane, the Queen's personality altered: she developed a terrible temper, sank into depression, and no longer enjoyed appearing in public, not even at the musical concerts she had so loved; and her relationships with her adult children became strained. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, 11.

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