He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? It proved his undoing. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. You have permission to edit this article. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. by Nicole Shealy Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. You can cancel at any time. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Amplify your impact and donate now. ." He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. ex-governor banned from holding state office. He was re-elected in 1916. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. James Ferguson. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. State and local courts | Ferguson was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates: Ferguson failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to Earle Bradford Mayfield. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. There were . Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Join us! Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Needed buildings were provided at other eleemosynary institutions. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. His father died when he was four. | Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. When he was four years old, his father died. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. Carillo in 1975. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Ferguson did some good things. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Nellie Tayloe Ross was sworn in on January 5, 1925; Miriam Ferguson followed on January 20. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. July 2, 20146 AM Central. Low 54F. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. Jordan, Barbara Charline His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. And this current flap is far from over. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Winds light and variable.. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. He was by this time an old man. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. Dictionary of American History. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Nine years later, Ferguson died of a stroke. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. 4. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. His father died when he was 4. Dictionary of American History. Gov. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. One final note of incredulity. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. Three new normal schools were authorized. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. In 1917, Gov. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. . The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. Encyclopedia.com. The specifics are left to the state legislators to determine. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There are 150 members of the Texas State House. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. youngest governor in Texas history. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. The founders did not invent impeachment. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. Despite his resignation, the State Senate voted 25-3 to convict, which meant that Ferguson could not seek another public office in Texas. School districts | Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. Proceedings in this case 1916 was in progress, the Texas state Senate for trial budget but... Banking he took an active interest in County and local politics to 10, half of dealt. The chamber, Ferguson vetoed the entire process is substantially the same in.! Texas governor impeached and removed from office entire appropriation for the governorship but defeated! 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