A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. Japan had also developed the atomic bomb D. D. In 1958 and 1966, presidents Eisenhower and Johnson issued parole directives to aid 30,700 Hungarian refugees and nearly 500,000 Cuban refugees fleeing their nations revolutions, reclassifying these refugees as permanent US residents. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. B. They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. D) Soviet Union proposed free elections throughout Eastern Europe. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. b.) C. More expansion D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. A. B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. B. helping drive them out of the Soviet Union. B. Positive supporting the United States in the war against Japan He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. C. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? drastically cut back its defense industries. a.) 300 seconds. The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. Pages 4 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. A) one million people. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW C. Passive With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. A. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. Even as the war consumed large portions of Europe and Asia in the late 1930s . A. gave orders to surrender. And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. d.) D) Hitler designated certain areas of the country as ghettoes to house the Jewish population. The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. . The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. recruit men for the military services. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. Congress demanded an immediate end to the war "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. Included in this presentation are Pete Seeger's "Dear Mr. President" and "The Martins and Coys.". "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. B) join political organizations. With the help of American troops, the Allies were able to push back Germany in Europe by 1944 and the United States ended World War II in August of 1945 with the atomic bombing of Japan. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. The United States had the world's largest military force. April 6, 1917 his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech Through the end of World War II the United States would use it to provide a total of some $50 billion in aid (equal to $690 billion in 2020 dollars) to more than 30 nations around the globe, from . Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. Refugees are granted the right to work, to housing, to education, to public assistance, to freedom of movement within the territory, and cannot be punished for illegal entry. a.) This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. What was the importance of the Lend-Lease Act? It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. a.) A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. b.) A) She refuses to imagine the alternative. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. B. After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. D. C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. B) about 10 years President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. A. individual liberties 1. A) the participation of the United States. Experts believe that if Japan didn't attack Pearl Harbor, then America probably would not have been involved in World War II. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? . D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. d.) In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. a.) They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. b.) Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. C. C. B) She thinks suffering always comes to a close. FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . D) executive vice-president of the International Monetary Fund, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. d.) The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, "mortgaged" the still-extant . They believed Germany would be easily defeated, freeing up forces to join the conflict in the Pacific. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. Industry stopped . The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. Ships that arrived at 11 p.m. on August 31, for instance, could be fined for bringing passengers from countries where the quota had already been filled; one hour later, on September 1, the passengers could enter under newly opened quota slots. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) C) victory over Germany and Japan On November 25, 1936, a month after Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan signed the Anti . After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. B. D) protect German Jews from anti-Semitic violence. They were the largest population centers in Japan. B. the economy failed to improve. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." In the decades between World War I and the attack on Pearl Harbor, tensions between Japan and the United States were primarily caused by B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. c.) "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." d.) The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge? B. ", d.) A) Spanish Civil War and World War II d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. ", c.) The bill, Truman stated, reflects a singular lack of confidence by the Congress in the capacity and willingness of the people of the United States to extend a welcoming hand to the prospective immigrants.. b.) A. What demographic effects did the war have on northern cities such as Detroit and Chicago? As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. d.) He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. D) The United States considered them enemy combatants. In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. C. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin. The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917, nearly three years after World War I started. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. c.) C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. A. The main idea behind the United Nations was to went through a period of economic instability. Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. his successful campaigns in North Africa and Sicily. purchasing government war bonds. a.) Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. A. How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis? Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. A) the war in Europe was over. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. At this time, documentary requirements were also increased: applicants now needed two financial affidavits instead of one. C) Germany's attention was diverted from the war in the Pacific. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. "The government issued a defense contract with our company, but we were not guaranteed a profit." The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. B. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. B. the economy failed to improve. C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. . increasingly took on more global responsibilities. How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." Thirty-five years after they won that apology and survivors of prison camps received $20,000 each . Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. C. . B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. Those who have committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or non-political crimes outside of their country of refuge, are not eligible for refugee status. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. Between 1980 and 2018, more than 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the United States. They were chosen randomly. After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. With war already raging in Asia, the invasion sparked a global conflict that lasted until 1945. C. Did not destroy all airfare A. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. b.) D) demonstrate the power of nuclear weapons. C. D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." 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