Did you like this article? If a defendant posts his or her own bail, Philadelphia County Court may retain whatever amount of fines or fees have accumulated throughout the trial. Account Number: Inmate's eight-digit register number with no spaces or dashes, followed immediately by the inmate's last name (example: 12345678DOE). In the event that someone does not have the full bond amount available to him or her, there is what is called a private bond or surety bond. Download deposit slip and send money order payable to to JPay, P.O. Surety bonds. (For more information see: Policy on Incoming Publications ). Inmates cannot lend their Smart card or PIN to another inmate to use. Choose the amount of money you want to send, and input your payment method. You will need a credit check to be eligible for this option, How To Connect With an Inmate With DoNotPay. Besides phone calls, Securus enables video calls on phones, tablets, and PCs. An inmate will keep their Smart card if they are transferred to a different institution. Select "VA" as the state and "Department of Corrections," then follow the prompts to finish setting up your account. The Smart card also allows the inmate to access money from their account to make phone calls. How To Locate an Inmate With the Help of DoNotPay. But one thing is for sure, it wont be easy. Enter the Receive Code (7932) and the amount you are sending (up to $300). We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. To visit an inmate in Philadelphia County, whether by video or in person 'at the jail', follow these steps: Other than 'at the jail' visits between you and your inmate, which is explained and outlined in detail on ourVisit InmatePage, Philadelphia County remote video inmate visitation can be done using the services of GettingOut. Wasco State Prison-Reception Center (WSP) - California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Wasco State PrisonReception Center (WSP) Main Phone: (661) 758-8400 Physical Address: 701 Scofield Avenue, Wasco, CA 93280 ( Directions) Mailing Addresses Visitation & Support Inmate Programs Job Vacancies Details & History Reports & Statistics Are they in a state prison? You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. "General correspondence" is opened and inspected by staff for both contraband and content that might threaten the security or good order of the institution. Juveniles may only be bailed or bonded out of custody by a parent or legal guardian. You'll need to complete a MoneyGram ExpressPayment Blue Form
Take a look at some of the most common items and whether they are permitted: DoNotPay can help you find and meet an inmate without trouble. If your loved one is inside one of these prison facilities, its but natural to want to know who theyre calling. Third-party or other alternative call arrangements are not permitted ensuring inmates do not have the
Find an inmate. Option 2 - How to Post a Private or Surety Bond for a Defendant at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility. Money Order - No JPay Fee
Inmates access to TRULINCS is controlled and inmates do not have access to the internet. Local or national newspapers may also be mailed to the inmate as long as they are mailed directly from the newspaper publisher. This is usually done via collect calls (landlines only) or prepaid phone accounts provided by third parties. Before an inmate can call someone, the person and phone number must be added to the inmate's authorized call list. This helps ensure fair and equal access to phone calls. Perhaps they have been sentenced to serve time in a federal institution? If that doesn't work, make a formal request to the facility. Any questions about phone accounts should be directed to Securus. 3. Be sure to use your time wisely, intentionally updating your inmate with news from home or important information. To conduct a California inmate search using the CDCR database, the inquirer may enter the inmate's first and last name, date of birth and/or booking number. If a card is lost or damaged the inmate will have to pay $5.00 to replace it. In addition, all messages are screened for content that
Deposits and payments made through automated channels (ConnectNetwork Website, Mobile App, Toll Free Phone, or Kiosk at the jail) are transmitted to the facility within one business day. Follow these easy steps to learn where the prisoner you care about is located: Enter the state the prisoner is located in. While in prison many inmates have jobs, go to classes, and have recreational activities, contact with loved ones is a major channel to the outside world. commissary accounts. Some facilities allow up to twenty-five people on an inmates calling list. A quick internet search such as " (name of state) inmate locator" should help you to find the correct site for the state in which the inmate is housed. The upload happens only once every four weeks and cards cannot be loaded at any other time. Persons seeking jail-related information or access to detainees may do so by querying the facility or using the Ohio DRCs online resources. Maps of federal facilities Select a region of the map to view facilities in that area. If you are sending money to an institution for an inmate's phone card, please note that there is a 10 business day hold on all Canadian funds received, and 30 days on foreign (including US) funds. Locate the nearest agent by calling 1-800-325-6000 or visiting: www.westernunion.com. When will the Cash Bail or Collateral be returned to me? }] It is up to the inmate to maintain their call list, which is limited to a maximum of 15 numbers. To receive calls from an inmate, there are several things to keep in mind. But the inmate has to apply for the appropriate permission first. An inmate has to call you using the Inmate Telephone System phone. Messages can only contain text and no attachments are permitted. Because Philadelphia County and Pennsylvania can change their bail bond procedures, it is always best to call either the jail or the court directly after an arrestee has been booked. As a family member or friend of an inmate, your loved one is able to contact you and legal aid by phone while they are incarcerated. For full instructions on the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility Inmate Phone System, what the costs are, how it works, and tips and guidelines on rules, regulations and saving money on calls, check out ourInmate PhonesPage. A Prepaid Account allows the family or friend of an inmate to purchase prepaid phone services for receiving phone calls to a specifically designate telephone number (i.e. Inmates can receive funds at a BOP-managed facility, which are deposited into their
Write a letter to an inmate via our app, and we will make sure they get it as soon as possible. You may have to accept the call by pressing a button. whether they are in a federal, county, state, or ICE detention center. For prisoners who will be released one day, staying up-to-date will make re-entry easier. You may have to accept the call by pressing a button. A: An inmate PIN Debit account is also known as an inmate phone account. Deposit options available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week via phone. Some have websites with search capabilities and some do not. These are the instructions youll need to follow: The worlds first robot lawyer can help you write to a prisoner without trouble and stress usually involved in the process. You will need to know the inmates 7-digit state ID number. This account offers the following benefits: You can fund a Securus Debit account without having your own calling account The maximum funding amount is $50.00 per transaction You have 24/7/365 access to fund an incarcerated individual's Debit account on our website or by contacting us via phone Despite this, loved ones must be diligent in making sure that everything has been put into place in order to receive a call. Inmate101.com is a privately owned informational website that is not owned or operated by any state government agency. Phone calls are frequently used to do so. To send funds using this method, please read and follow these steps carefully: NOTICE: It's your responsibility to send the funds to the correct inmate. So if you want to know who an inmate usually calls, one valuable source of information is their calling list. Click here for additional information on how to post bail at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility. You can simply ask the inmate. All information provided by inmates for the call list is confidential. In return, the defendant and/or cosigner will pay a premium to the bail agent. Knowing where to begin your search is extremely helpful. Inmates may have a limit on the amount of time they can be on the phone in a month. The VADOC inmate phone system is operated through ConnectNetwork by Global Tel*Link. Mobile-friendly deposit options are available via their app. To send commissary money to an inmate in Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility follow these steps: For all information on how toSend Money to an inmate's accountcheck out our full money and commissary guide forCurran-Fromhold Correctional Facility. Locate the nearest agent by calling 1-800-926-9400 or visiting:
Funds are received and processed seven days per week, including holidays. What types of credit cards? Who can post Bail or Bond for a Defendant at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility? Ask the jail or court representative these specific questions: If you feel the bail is too high and you wish to get it reduced, contact a lawyer or the defendant's public defender and get them to look into what they can do to get a bail reduction. 5 Things You Didnt Know About Inmate Calls. (Related:5 Things You Didnt Know About Inmate Calls). As a result, an inmate's release date may not be up-to-date. Jury clothing must be checked and approved by an officer before it is brought into the jail. Your name and return address must appear on the upper
To purchase money orders visit any Western Union, Moneygram or Post Office. This is to prevent inmates from calling people they legally shouldnt (like their victim or a co-conspirator). In most facilities, you will have to be on the prisoners approved telephone list. To learn more about Tablet Rentals for inmates, including the cost, all the services available and everything else you need to know, check out ourTablet RentalPage. . When an inmate is sentenced and transferred to a prison system from a local jail, or if it is determined that they should be transferred to a different facility within their system, you will not be automatically informed where they have been sent. Many facilities only allow video visits with detainees. An inmate's telephone account must have a minimum balance of $80. Is the defendant eligible for bail or a bond? We extend telephone privileges to inmates to help them maintain ties with their families and other
Wait until an inmate has physically arrived at a Federal Bureau of Prisons' facility. https://www.moneygram.com/mgo/us/en/paybills, https://www.westernunion.com/us/en/inmatehome.html. Go to the jail records clerk's window and let them know you are dropping off jury clothing for an inmate. You can order them directly from your computer and have them shipped to the inmate at the address above. You must agree to the following conditions: You can locate an inmate using the name and/or ID number. Address: When an inmate is admitted to prison, they provide a list of phone numbers to the jail staff. How can I find out if an inmate is getting a visit? They may also allow certain photo postcards as long as they have not been tampered with or contain images that may be considered to be obscene or violent in nature. Thanks to modern-day technology, memorizing phone numbers is not as common as it once was. You should always check the rules of the specific facility your imprisoned loved one is in before making a phone call. With the inmate's eventual release, maintaining family ties will improve the likelihood
No taxpayer dollars are used for this service. These are the required steps: Once we send it, you will be able to access the letter in your Virtual Mailbox. Plus, encouragement and support from those they love outside of prison can help put things in perspective, as prison can be a bubble. To receive calls you will need to add funds to your account. All requests are evaluated by the prison administrator in coordination with the inmates legal counsel. Frequently Asked Questions, * All the information you need to have complete knowledge about inmate visitation; policies, rules, fees, schedules, tips, dress codes, and children, lawyers andclergyvisitation in Philadelphia County, can be found on ourVisit InmatePage. It is used by inmates to activate the phone and link their ITS account with their personal authorized call list. Surety Bonds are arranged by a third party, typically a Pennsylvania state licensed Bail Bond firm. No need to worry about your letter getting lost, DoNotPay will deliver it safely to your account. In case you decide writing to or hearing from your incarcerated loved one isn't enough, and you wish to send them something more, you may do so, but with certain restrictions. Is it possible to get a copy of the recorded inmate conversations? Envelopes How Inmates Can Use aTablet to Access Services at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility, To learn more about Tablet Rentals for inmates, including the cost, all the services available and everything else you need to know, check out our. Care packages are pre-chosen items that are bundled together and delivered to the inmate. Make US/domestic andinternationaljail calls at the local rate and stay connected to your incarcerated loved ones for less. However, inmates may receive magazines, hard and paperback books directly from the publisher
Any magazines that contain profanity, weapons, pornography or other content that is adult in nature will be confiscated by the jail staff and will NOT be delivered to the inmate. This is to ensure that if the defendant skips bail, or does not appear in court, the bail agent has some sort of compensation for the full bail amount being paid. To reconcile outstanding fees or if you received a notice from the Set-Off Program please call 609.292.4036 ext. All Newspapers, magazines and Books should be mailed to: Care packages Most facilities will partner with a phone service provider through which family and friends can make an account to pay by credit/debit (commonly Global Tel Link or Securus Technologies.) The BOP permits an inmate to subscribe to or receive
You or the inmate can have phone usage revoked if you abuse these privileges. Studies show that when inmates maintain relationships with friends and family, it greatly reduces the risk they will recidivate. Funds sent between 7:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m. EST are posted within 2-4 hours. Open DoNotPay in your web browser and let us help you with any of the following tasks: We have helped over 300,000 people with their problems. If you would like to make a deposit to an inmates PIN Debit Account, visit ConnectNetwork and create an account. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. Other Philadelphia County Services provided by GettingOut: Having extensive experience in the prison industry, she wants to share what she knows with the world. In order to receive calls from an inmate, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) requires that you register and meet the following requirements: 1. . JAIL Exchange is the internet's most comprehensive FREE source forCounty Jail Inmate Searches, County Jail Inmate Lookups and more. Calls between yourself and an inmate may be monitored. NCIC provides Communication Services to the Correctional Industry and supports the efforts of Law Enforcement.If you missed a call from NCIC it means someone was trying to contact you from one of the facilities we serve. Upon initial arrival at the new facility, your inmate wont be able to contact you until the phone and/or commissary account is set up. and enter the receive code 7932 or Federal Bureau of Prisons. Using the GettingOutKiosk at the jail. Special incoming mail that is specially marked as such, can only be opened only in the presence of the inmate. If you want to deposit money using this company for your use or your inmate's account, there are four ways to do it: For all the information you need to know, including tips, guidelines and warnings about depositing money in a Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facilityinmate's account for communication services, check out ourSend Moneypage. Inmates can receive funds at a BOP-managed facility, which are deposited into their
Skip going to the post office and be done with the procedure from the comfort of your home. This is usually done via collect calls (landlines only) or prepaid phone accounts provided by third parties. DOC recently added a message to all inmate phone calls about this priority. Allen/Oakwood Correctional Institution (AOCI) Northwest Region 2338 North West Street P.O. The BOP encourages inmates to write to family, friends, and other community contacts to maintain these ties during incarceration. Depending on what state the inmate is in. For complete information on mailing letters, postcards, photos, magazines, newspapers, books and packages to inmates in Phladelphia, check out our, How to Deposit Money in an Inmate's Trust Account in Orderto Purchase Prepaid Calling Cards or Phone Calling Time. Collect calls can still be made using the Smart card if no funds are available. If you can quickly determine the inmates location, you will be able to determine the phone system used in that facility and access instructions for the inmates commissary account. Store the phone number in your phone. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Funds sent after 9:00 p.m. EST are posted at 7:00 a.m. EST the following morning. Other than 'at the jail' visits between you and your inmate, which is explained and outlined in detail on our, How to Send Money to an Inmate in Philadelphia County. First, check if you are on the inmates approved telephone list and if they are permitted to call you. NOTE: There may be a limit on how much product you can send your inmate in Philadelphia County at any one time. The idea behind Google Voice is to pick any number you want after registering for free. Additional items (non-funds intended for delivery to the inmate) will be disposed of. In addition, rights such as telephone use can be taken away when a prisoner is out-of-line, unruly, or disruptive. You can contact them by sending a letter instead of calling, which is a better option since they get to keep the message. For jails who have contracts with private jail call companies, the system is automated. Google Voice should then forward incoming calls from that number to your existing number, be it landline or cellphone. With recent updates to cellphones, some calls through Securus may appear as spam to the person receiving the call. 215-685-7843. The message will say: "If you have any concern that the person you are speaking with is in a mental health crisis or is suicidal, please call the state correctional institution immediately." The inmate manages this account and the expense of the call will be deducted from their account accordingly. Once youve determined the system in which your inmate is currently incarcerated, you can begin your search. To locate someone who is currently an inmate in a federal prison, or has been anytime since 1982, visit the Federal Bureau of Prisons inmate locator. The Trust Fund Limited Inmate Computer System (TRULINCS) application enables electronic messages to be exchanged
All the information you need to understand depositing money into an inmate's trust fund, specifically for phone callsinPhiladelphia County, can be found on our, How Do You Communicate with an Inmate in the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility by Phone, Follow these instructions on how toopen an account with, For full instructions on the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility Inmate Phone System, what the costs are, how it works, and tips and guidelines on rules, regulations and saving money on calls, check out our, Depositing Money for Communicating with an Inmate, How to Make a Deposit for Phone, Email or Visitation using, Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility uses. The Department of Corrections (DOC) encourages and supports families and friends to stay in contact with incarcerated individuals. To find if property located outside of Philadelphia County can be used as collateral, call a local bail or bond agent or contact a defense lawyer. 12 Hanaan M. Sep 3 Yes. Full committed name AND complete eight-digit register number. of commissary products, telephone services, and the fees inmates pay for using TRULINCS. Skip going to the post office and be done with the procedure from the comfort of your home. commissary accounts. Ways to Contact Securus Phone: 800.844.6591 Email: customer_service@correctionalbillingservice.com Securus WEBSITE Calculate your Call You can simply ask the inmate. Website visitors should continue to check back periodically to see . Many phone calls made from prison will be monitored. To make a deposit to an Inmate Phone Account, visit ConnectNetwork and set up an account. Philadelphia Curran Fromhold Correctional Facility located in Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania) 2, Philadelphia Curran Fromhold Correctional Facility located in Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania) 3, Philadelphia Curran Fromhold Correctional Facility located in Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania) 4, Philadelphia Curran Fromhold Correctional Facility located in Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania) 5, Philadelphia Curran Fromhold Correctional Facility located in Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania) 1, Philadelphia County Announces a Major Bail Bond Change - January 4, 2023, The nature and circumstances of the offense, The defendant's record of previous convictions, The defendant's past record of appearance in court after being admitted to bail, The defendant's character and mental condition. All calls are limited to 20 minutes to allow inmates fair use of the phones. One is direct billing, where you will receive a bill after calls have been completed with an inmate. 2. inmate's valid, full committed name. Note: You will need the inmate's TDCJ ID number to register to receive telephone calls from him or her. They must also be given an opportunity to respond. If all goes well, you might want to learn more about the rules regarding prison marriage and how to marry an inmate in a county jail. Available 24 hours a day, staying up-to-date will make re-entry easier and do... To me? } typically a Pennsylvania state licensed Bail Bond firm learn where the prisoner you about! Ways to contact Securus phone: 800.844.6591 Email: customer_service @ correctionalbillingservice.com website... Knowing where to begin your search is extremely helpful formal request to the inmate to subscribe to or you... To add funds to your incarcerated loved ones for less to all inmate phone account, visit and. Collect calls ( landlines only ) or prepaid phone accounts provided by third parties inmates approved telephone list, holidays. Deposit to an inmates PIN Debit account is also known as an inmate can have phone usage revoked you!, intentionally updating your inmate with the inmate ) will be able to the... With recent updates to cellphones, some calls through Securus may appear as spam the! 24 hours a day, 7 days a week via phone maximum of 15 numbers EST are posted 2-4... Ties will improve the likelihood no taxpayer dollars are used for this option how... Existing number, be it landline or cellphone Bail or Collateral be returned to me? } for,. For this option, how to Connect with an inmate & # ;. All inmate phone system is automated notice from the newspaper publisher cards can not be at. Unruly, or ICE detention center or disruptive do not have access to calls. Or important information be bailed or bonded out of custody by a parent or legal guardian and. Not have the find an inmate & # x27 ; t work, make a formal request to the Office. Post Bail at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility registering for FREE 9:00 p.m. EST are at..., friends, and input your payment method for this option, how to post Private! A result, an inmate usually calls, Securus enables video calls on phones, tablets, input! Are bundled together and delivered to the internet 's most comprehensive FREE source forCounty jail inmate Lookups and.! Are not permitted ensuring inmates do not have the find an inmate to maintain these during! Create an account parent or legal guardian Help of DoNotPay note: there may be.. Are used for this service 's authorized call list, which is a privately owned website. Only ) or prepaid phone accounts provided by third parties of your.! Phone: 800.844.6591 Email: customer_service @ correctionalbillingservice.com Securus website Calculate your call can! Or bonded out of custody by a parent or legal guardian card is lost damaged... Make a deposit to an inmate may be a limit on how to post Bail at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility presence... It, you will have to accept the call by pressing a button your inmate in Philadelphia County at one. And Link their its account with their personal authorized call list, which is limited to a maximum 15... A third party, typically a Pennsylvania state licensed Bail Bond firm know about inmate calls ) ( landlines )... Owned informational website that is specially marked as such, can only contain text and no are! Must agree to the following conditions: you can contact them by sending a letter instead of,... The upload happens only once every four weeks and cards can not loaded! System phone the newspaper publisher opportunity to respond and return address must on. All information provided by third parties jails who have contracts with Private jail call companies, the is. Trulincs is controlled and inmates do not have access to detainees may do so by querying the Facility Securus appear. Fair use of the specific Facility your imprisoned loved one is direct,... Fees inmates pay for using TRULINCS information on how to post a or. Rules of the call will be released one day, 7 days a week via phone incoming Publications.. Which your inmate is getting a visit from an inmate can have phone usage revoked if would. Only be opened only in the presence of the phones or a?... Name and return address must appear on the phone and Link their its account with their personal authorized list. Select a region of the map to view facilities in that area Necessary... Non-Funds intended for delivery to the jail staff return, the system in which your how to find out who an inmate is calling! Can call someone, the system is operated through ConnectNetwork by Global Tel * Link: may! Of DoNotPay legal counsel required steps: once we send it, you can out! Est the following conditions: you can send your inmate with DoNotPay the Cash Bail or Bond for a at... More about which cookies how to find out who an inmate is calling are using cookies to give you the best experience on our.... Account, visit ConnectNetwork and set up an account to view facilities in that area ) be! Inmate usually calls, one valuable source of information is their calling list the Ohio DRCs online resources them from. Before making a phone call money from their account accordingly easy steps to learn where the prisoner you care is. One time it landline or cellphone or switch them off in settings AOCI ) Northwest region North... Happens only once every four weeks and cards can not lend their Smart card also the. Located: enter the receive Code 7932 or federal Bureau of Prisons that. Sending a letter instead of calling, which is a better option since they get to keep the.! Are available specially marked as such, can only contain text and no are... Have to accept the call by pressing a button prison, they provide a list of phone numbers not... Us/Domestic andinternationaljail calls at the address above questions about phone accounts provided by inmates to the..., visit ConnectNetwork and set up an account to Securus inmates from calling people they legally shouldnt ( like victim! But the inmate telephone system phone Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so we! Arrangements are not permitted ensuring inmates do not have the find an usually!, DoNotPay will deliver it safely to your existing number, be it landline or.. Receive a bill after calls have been completed with an inmate phone system operated... Their victim or a co-conspirator ) to receive calls you will be one... Visit any Western Union, Moneygram or post Office inmate Lookups and more find an can! How much product you can order them directly from the comfort of your home worry about your letter lost... Select a region of the inmate and approved by an officer before it is used inmates... Once every four weeks and cards can not lend their Smart card PIN...: customer_service @ correctionalbillingservice.com Securus website Calculate your call you using the Smart card PIN! Your Virtual Mailbox in mind permitted ensuring inmates do not here for additional information on how to locate inmate! Be easy your preferences for Cookie settings computer and have them shipped to the inmate one day, up-to-date., Moneygram or post Office and be done with the procedure from the Set-Off Program please call ext... Phone: 800.844.6591 Email: customer_service @ correctionalbillingservice.com Securus website Calculate your call you upload happens only every. May only be bailed or bonded out of custody by a parent legal. Pin Debit account, visit ConnectNetwork and create an account information provided by inmates for appropriate... Numbers is not owned or operated by any state government agency up-to-date will make re-entry easier administrator coordination! Is getting a visit the state the prisoner is out-of-line, unruly, or ICE detention center Northwest 2338. Create an account have websites with search capabilities and some do not access! Done with the Help of DoNotPay JPay Fee inmates access to TRULINCS is controlled inmates. Philadelphia County at any one time Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all so... Want after registering for FREE who an inmate can have phone usage revoked if you would to! Inmate in Philadelphia County at any one time non-funds intended for delivery to the telephone! For Bail or a co-conspirator ) incarcerated individuals source of information is their list. Are posted within 2-4 hours using cookies to give you the best experience on our website admitted to,! To purchase money orders visit any Western Union, Moneygram or post Office be. Opened only in the presence of the inmate ) will be disposed of phone account or inmate. Likelihood no taxpayer dollars are used for this service 1-800-926-9400 or visiting www.westernunion.com. Ice detention center from your computer and have them shipped to the internet is one... Sending a letter instead of calling, which is a better option they... Be checked and approved by an officer before it is brought into jail. Is controlled and inmates do not have access to phone calls through Securus may appear as spam to the )! Prisoners approved telephone list and if they are in a month their victim or a Bond website Calculate call! Off in settings and stay connected to your account to keep in mind you Didnt about. Inmates calling list information on how much product you can locate an inmate enables! Calls about this priority when inmates maintain relationships with friends and family, friends, and PCs permitted to you... Prison will be released one day, 7 days a week via.! And some do not have access to phone calls, Securus enables video on... Access to the inmate 's eventual release, maintaining family ties will improve the no... Must appear on the prisoners approved telephone list with search capabilities and some do not have to.