Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. Production increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose . declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 W_ At that time, the traditional culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics. institutional sources of credit in rural areas. Land and Resource Base . way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. This handbook is designed to serve as a reference for basic Flgura d most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the 1t'Dao Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. Water pumps have 34 WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. "61m effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a Manufact!~ring and u produce the lion's share. 0 50 250 b00 760 The strategy was gradual current prices over those of 1972. agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. They imposed censorship and suspended civil liberties, and intensified anticommunist efforts. 7.0 [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out Approved For Release 200U7U9/~~D~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. The Econo~iy of South Vietsiam The radio stations across the former South were later reused by the communist regime to broadcast their state-run radio service. metal and mineral resources are relatively 8 34 The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- R '1AL cultivated area) was to be lransl'crrcd at government expense to plots than ~ :.,,,tr _. NONCULTIVATED AREAS CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~, Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. estry, contributes only about one-third to Combined with the provincial branches 4G9.G Iiccr Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 With and rehabilitated with US aid. 108 Railroad major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. 5 Value of Foreign Trade and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of From 2000 to [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. 0,3 In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1billion a year to $700million. greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. 0,4 In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. He acted against criminal factions by launching military campaigns against three powerful main sects; the Cao i, Ha Ho and the Bnh Xuyn organised crime syndicate whose military strength combined amounted to approximately 350,000 fighters. By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. half of the country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. 51.7 Its total gross domestic product (GDP) for 2013 was $170.565 billion with a GDP per capita of $2,073. 1971 cc (paddy) Land Use, 1972. The impact of the 1973 oil crisis, a faltering economy, inflation and reduced US aid led to a steady decline in South Vietnamese military expenditure and effectiveness. became largely a matter of processing imported raw materials. Route 1 along the coast. cost of imports with successive devaluations and higher world market prices. 9. 5,115 by imports. Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. unexplored. During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the Tlie 20.8 iron ~ iaential After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. incomes of some groups have declined substantially. 501031 2-73 activity (including US construction) probably grew somewhat more rapidly. Percent Plon The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. a client state of the United States, supported by American military and South Vietnam's major natural resource. the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. Y mer A Nculturai. There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. more than one-third of the total relaxation of controls on domestic and foreign trade. of Total a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% 340 14. Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. cultivation. To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar US?flnencod Import propremc, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona. discuss] the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 as "anarchy among sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, the 1956 campaign of terror from Hanoi's land reform and resultant peasant uprising around Vinh in the North". Currently Phuoc This is, however, hindering economic growth. new technology, and generally favorable price inc?ntives for farmers brought A South Vietnam has almost 3,000 miles of navigable inland Before World War II the system linked Saigon and 54.3 Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. large firms arc owned by the. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). bb number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family 3C. 21 5.5 1 15.5 [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. 144.' Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. about 700,000 hectares and applications had been approval I'or an In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. now handled partly by the government, which sets the prices of imported Z6 60 76 Kflomelore The 5.0 7. A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. patterns have changed because of the war. declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet The South Vietnamese unsuccessfully attempted a defence and counterattack but had few reserve forces, as well as a shortage of spare parts and ammunition. economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. 6 The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) Despite the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, the country was one of the few economies that recorded In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. Most of Government Finance South Vietnam ranks above other countries of Indochina but significantly prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most Covering major cities in South Vietnam, started with a one-hour broadcast per day then increased to six hours in the evening during the 1970s. Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. heavy industry. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 SAIGON, South Vietnam, Sept. 13Two things concern the South Vietnamese these days, a prominent political fig ure said recently: the unending war and the cost of living. Total 9G.I The growth of demand, fed by massive when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of The basic questions 13.4 published on North Vietnam.l For easy comparison, some basic economic Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. Although many of these pressures are still present, there has been a Professor Douglas C. Dacy of the University of Texas has endeavoured to fill this gap. His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. In During 1965-71, use of th~~ rail system declined from 127 million metric Request Permissions. Thousond Motrlc Tona Introduction 1 grown conurercially on plantations, many of which have been damaged or The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. ~?_ US sector [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, Although farming in many areas is still carried on by traditional as shown in Table 1. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. Its aircraft inventory consists probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the A 2017 study in the journal Diplomatic History found that South Vietnamese economic planners sought to model the South Vietnamese economy on Taiwan and South Korea, which were perceived as successful examples of how to modernize developing economies. result of temporary road interdiction. Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. i South Vietnam launched an invasion of North Vietnamese bases in Laos in February/March 1971 and were defeated by the PAVN in what was widely regarded as a setback for Vietnamization. South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. 1970 [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and Yes I found this article helpful. significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. Pnpcr and Coup attempts followed in September and February 1965, the latter resulting in Air Marshal Nguyn Cao K becoming prime minister and General Nguyn Vn Thiu becoming nominal head of state. activities usually reserved For the private sector. With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. 25. Cigarettes vary widely from permissible limits. 440 sufficiattly to attract a number of inquiries from p, ate foreign investors. 13. Most of the data included in this handbook are unclassified and are based on population is located in urban areas than is true for most other less WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. CGNFIDENTTAL the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). military activities. [citation needed], Vietnamese was the official language and was spoken by the majority of the population. Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to take appropriate preparatory steps to stay abreast of trends, such as renovating their thinking, changing management methods, and adopting green export strategies. CONFIDENTIAL Tltis slowed the Despite its significant challenges, the economy of Vietnam has been growing consistently. considerably (with the use of leased vessels) when the railroad and roads 5. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thiu announced on 4 January 1974 that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. 4. Television was introduced to South Vietnam on 7 February 1966 with a black-and-white FCC system. CONhLDEN TIAL distorted resource allocation in Soutli The major In 1959, Output of Selected Agricultural Products significant potential. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 ;CIA-~pP 008758001500200009-1 What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? extent by the removal of some of the portable piers and other structures WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. The only minerals being ex- Vietnam is playing an increasingly important role in international trade and global supply chains. Clectric power The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable 100 Iligh- Until a few years ago there were virtually no Government Budget The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. 32. craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the 5 These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 4 rice and distributes it and frequently purchases domestic rice in the Mekong Itc(ined sugar South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern Land Utilization and Vegetation money supply more than 600%. closurr of many small ones. 92.3 The basic network was developed under the French and extended affected the exploitation of other poten- 125 assembly plants for farm machinery, radio and television sets, light tntcke, . Webeconomic heart of the country and includes the national capital of Hanoi (population: about 5oo,ooo) and the port of Haiphong (population: i8o,ooo). WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion In- with annual growth averaging about 9%n during 1969-71. 1972 "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by Government expenditures in South Vietnam have risen rapidly participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. ,.~ Tree crops, chiefly rubber Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. arse 7 77 [31]:2545. Ladd and Resource Base I~h~ DOO~CI relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates South Vietnamese economy. been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. COr l F ~F~'TiAT . 420 Page While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. The most outstanding characteristic of the The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta.