(17) S. Ambrosius, Epist. Whoever they are they are called upon, as living members, to expend all their energy for the growth of the Church and its continuous sanctification, since this very energy is a gift of the Creator and a blessing of the Redeemer. Haer. The Lumen Gentium says the Church is hierarchical. 2 in Annunt., 18: PG 87 (3), 3237 BD. (92) Its end is the kingdom of God, which has been begun by God Himself on earth, and which is to be further extended until it is brought to perfection by Him at the end of time, when Christ, our life,(93) shall appear, and "creation itself will be delivered from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God". In his consecration a person is given an ontological participation in the sacred functions [munera]; this is absolutely clear from Tradition, liturgical tradition included. (10) Cfr. 3869-72. 4 ad 3. It may also be conferred upon suitable young men, for whom the law of celibacy must remain intact. Didache, 14: ed. Through the common sharing of gifts and through the common effort to attain fullness in unity, the whole and each of the parts receive increase. The Role of the Blessed Mother in the Economy of Salvation. (19*), 51. Funk, I, p. 266. Eccl. (1) Cfr. (4) Cfr. 20. Wishing in His supreme goodness and wisdom to effect the redemption of the world, "when the fullness of time came, God sent His Son, born of a womanthat we might receive the adoption of sons". 40. (14) S. Augustinus, Civ. C. Mohlberg, Sacramentarium Veronense, Romae, 195S, p. 119: ad summi sacerdotii ministerium Comple in sacerdotibus tuis mysterii tui summam. Idem, Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae Romae, 1960, pp. (261) Reckoning therefore that "the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory to come that will be revealed in us",(262) strong in faith we look for the "blessed hope and the glorious coming of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ"(263) "who will refashion the body of our lowliness, conforming it to the body of His glory(264), and who will come "to be glorified in His saints and to be marveled at in all those who have believed"(265). Hom. And it is intimated also in the practice, introduced in ancient times, of summoning several bishops to take part in the elevation of the newly elected to the ministry of the high priesthood. [AR - BE - CS - DE - EN - ES - FR - IT - HU - LA - LV - PT - SW - ZH]. But often men, deceived by the Evil One, have become vain in their reasonings and have exchanged the truth of God for a lie, serving the creature rather than the Creator. 1, 24, Lc. (32*) For this reason the individual bishops represent each his own church, but all of them together and with the Pope represent the entire Church in the bond of peace, love and unity. (285) She stands out among the poor and humble of the Lord, who confidently hope for and receive salvation from Him. etiam Mt. 4 Const. The members of these institutes, in fulfilling their obligation to the Church due to their particular form of life, ought to show reverence and obedience to bishops according to the sacred canons. (298) The maternal duty of Mary toward men in no wise obscures or diminishes this unique mediation of Christ, but rather shows His power. They will accomplish all this for the glory and honor of God. A preliminary note of explanation is being given to the Council Fathers from higher-authority, regarding the Modi bearing on Chapter III of the Schema de Ecclesia; the doctrine set forth in Chapter III ought to be explained and understood in accordance with the meaning and intent of this explanatory note. (9) S. Hieronymus, Epist. Serm. It is no wonder therefore that the usage prevailed among the Fathers whereby they called the mother of God entirely holy and free from all stain of sin, as though fashioned by the Holy Spirit and formed as a new creature. (22) Cfr. The present-day conditions of the world add greater urgency to this work of the Church so that all men, joined more closely today by various social, technical and cultural ties, might also attain fuller unity in Christ. Thus every layman, in virtue of the very gifts bestowed upon him, is at the same time a witness and a living instrument of the mission of the Church itself "according to the measure of Christ's bestowal".(197). (116), 13. (13) Cfr. (86) Christ instituted this new covenant, the new testament, that is to say, in His Blood,(87) calling together a people made up of Jew and gentile, making them one, not according to the flesh but in the Spirit. (39*) For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith. (230) From the earliest times, then, some Christians have been called uponand some will always be called uponto give the supreme testimony of this love to all men, but especially to persecutors. Conc. The Son, therefore, came, sent by the Father. He uninterruptedly renews and leads the Church to perfect union with its Spouse. Marietti, II, n. 46-Sieut constituitur unum eorpus ex nitate animae, ita Ecelesia ex unil atc Spiritus.. (9) Leo XIII, Litt. 72, a. 65. (37*) This variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of the catholicity of the undivided Church. 1, 5; S. Clem. 5 ed. 56. (11*) In the lives of those who, sharing in our humanity, are however more perfectly transformed into the image of Christ,(275) God vividly manifests His presence and His face to men. 3, a. (193), If therefore in the Church everyone does not proceed by the same path, nevertheless all are called to sanctity and have received an equal privilege of faith through the justice of God. 967 (1777). VII 5, 2: GCS 11, 2, p. 638 s.; Bardy, II, p. 168 s. (24) Cfr. having cooperated by charity that faithful might be born in the Church, who are members of that Head. She presented Him to the Father in the temple, and was united with Him by compassion as He died on the Cross. All the laity as a community and each one according to his ability must nourish the world with spiritual fruits. 285 Cf. 3. 46 (47) 2: PG 58, 78, de fermento in massa. Encycl. (47*), 26. 44, a. - S. Ambrosius, De inst. Lumen Gentium (excerpt). 38. dogm. (7*) All this they should do in emulation of those priests who often, down through the course of the centuries, left an outstanding example of the holiness of humble and hidden service. And in order that the episcopate itself might be one and undivided, He placed Blessed Peter over the other apostles, and instituted in him a permanent and visible source and foundation of unity of faith and communion. S.Hieronymus, Adv. (11) Pius XI, Litt. And this is the infallibility which the Roman Pontiff, the head of the college of bishops, enjoys in virtue of his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith,(166) by a definitive act he proclaims a doctrine of faith or morals. Ordinis, cap. 2: Denz. 20:4. The Word of the Lord is compared to a seed which is sown in a field;(19) those who hear the Word with faith and become part of the little flock of Christ,(20) have received the Kingdom itself. Already from the beginning of the world the foreshadowing of the Church took place. in Ps. Adiutricem populi, 5 sept. 1895: ASS 15 (1895-96), p. 303. (62*) They have legitimately handed on to different individuals in the Church various degrees of participation in this ministry. 13: . May the goods of this world be more equitably distributed among all men, and may they in their own way be conducive to universal progress in human and Christian freedom. 13:1; cf. (31) That land, like a choice vineyard, has been planted by the heavenly Husbandman. (19) In Trad. 3: Denz. For from Him the whole body, being closely joined and knit together through every joint of the system, according to the functioning in due measure of each single part, derives its increase to the building up of itself in love".(190). 34. - Conc. 371: Mansi 3, 954. (269)(3*) For after they have been received into their heavenly home and are present to the Lord,(270) through Him and with Him and in Him they do not cease to intercede with the Father for us,(4*) showing forth the merits which they won on earth through the one Mediator between God and man,(271) serving God in all things and filling up in their flesh those things which are lacking of the sufferings of Christ for His Body which is the Church. Cast. 581. Encycl. "All Christians in any state or walk of life are called to the fullness of Christian life and to the perfection of charity. For sitting at the right hand of God the Father, He is not absent from the gathering of His high priests,(17*) but above all through their excellent service He is preaching the word of God to all nations, and constantly administering the sacraments of faith to those who believe, by their paternal functioning. (13) Dieitur. At the end of time it will gloriously achieve completion, when, as is read in the Fathers, all the just, from Adam and "from Abel, the just one, to the last of the elect,"(2*) will be gathered together with the Father in the universal Church. 49. Pius XII, Litt. 187S: Denz. 2; Smyrn. Act 6, 2-6; 11, 30; 13, 1, 14, 23; 20, 17; 1 Thess. Furthermore, married couples and Christian parents should follow their own proper path (to holiness) by faithful love. . - S. Modestus Hier., In dorm. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. 22, cap. Extraordinary gifts are not to be sought after, nor are the fruits of apostolic labor to be presumptuously expected from their use; but judgment as to their genuinity and proper use belongs to those who are appointed leaders in the Church, to whose special competence it belongs, not indeed to extinguish the Spirit, but to test all things and hold fast to that which is good. Conc. III, 22, 4: PG 7, 9S9 A; Harvey, 2, 123. Encycl. They continually stir up the fervor of charity. 3. But the laity, by their very vocation, seek the kingdom of God by engaging in temporal affairs and by ordering them according to the plan of God. - S. Germanus Constantinop., In annunt. (12) The Spirit dwells in the Church and in the hearts of the faithful, as in a temple. Hartel, p. 696. 11, de Ecclesia Christi, c. 4: Mansi S3, 310. Second Sunday of the Year. 1943 AAS 35 (1943), p. 208. (171) Being taken from among men, and himself beset with weakness, he is able to have compassion on the ignorant and erring. 45. Serm. Pius XII, Alloc. 232, 2: col. 1108. Symbolum Apostolicum: Denz. (144) And the apostles, by preaching the Gospel everywhere,(145) and it being accepted by their hearers under the influence of the Holy Spirit, gather together the universal Church, which the Lord established on the apostles and built upon blessed Peter, their chief, Christ Jesus Himself being the supreme cornerstone.(146)(3*). This is beyond the measure of the commandments, but is done in order to become more fully like the obedient Christ. Helpful. Anastasius Antioch., Serm. Indeed through Baptism a person dies to sin and is consecrated to God. Origenes, Comm. 4, 1;-12: col. 387. Finally, Christian spouses, in virtue of the sacrament of Matrimony, whereby they signify and partake of the mystery of that unity and fruitful love which exists between Christ and His Church,(108) help each other to attain to holiness in their married life and in the rearing and education of their children. To these were soon added also those who had more closely imitated Christ's virginity and poverty,(8*) and finally others whom the outstanding practice of the Christian virtues (9*) and the divine charisms recommended to the pious devotion and imitation of the faithful.(10*). Vat. It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . They direct the conferring of baptism, by which a sharing in the kingly priesthood of Christ is granted. (23) Cfr. (213) In a word, "Christians must be to the world what the soul is to the body. Chapter 1. (10) Cfr. The Lord Jesus, after praying to the Father, calling to Himself those whom He desired, appointed twelve to be with Him, and whom He would send to preach the Kingdom of God;(137) and these apostles(138) He formed after the manner of a college or a stable group, over which He placed Peter chosen from among them. Lumen Gentium, Light of the Nations, November 21, 1964. S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. Nell'alba, 24 dec. 1941: AAS 34 (1942) p. 21. By divine institution Holy Church is ordered and governed with a wonderful diversity. (272)(5*) Thus by their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened. (18) S. Ambrosius, Expos. Christ Jesus, "though He was by nature God . Deut. (13) S. Clem. crit. In LG 16, the council addresses the important question regarding the possible fate of the unevangelized who, through no fault of their ownthe invincibly ignoranthave failed to respond to the Gospel. . 54. Conc. This was the way certain men and women assisted Paul the Apostle in the Gospel, laboring much in the Lord. 6: PL 40, 399. Education, Spirituality, Vatican II. (5) Cfr. The word "only" takes in all cases. In explicit terms He Himself affirmed the necessity of faith and baptism(124) and thereby affirmed also the necessity of the Church, for through baptism as through a door men enter the Church. 13, 1: ed. ier., 1, 2: PG 3, 372 D. (67) Cfr. ", **The following was published as an appendix to the official Latin version of the Constitution on the Church.**. 7 de Hierosolymis: Conc. (27*) This power can be exercised only with the consent of the Roman Pontiff. (20) Conc. In virtue of their common sacred ordination and mission, all priests are bound together in intimate brotherhood, which naturally and freely manifests itself in mutual aid, spiritual as well as material, pastoral as well as personal, in their meetings and in communion of life, of labor and charity. Celebrating the Eucharistic sacrifice therefore, we are most closely united to the Church in heaven in communion with and venerating the memory first of all of the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, of Blessed Joseph and the blessed apostles and martyrs and of all the saints. 28:18; Mk. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) p. 214 s. (10) Cfr. (7) Cfr. Let them willingly employ their prudent advice. Clearly from earliest times the Blessed Virgin is honored under the title of Mother of God, under whose protection the faithful took refuge in all their dangers and necessities. (15*) By her maternal charity, she cares for the brethren of her Son, who still journey on earth surrounded by dangers and cultics, until they are led into the happiness of their true home. Moreover, within the Church particular Churches hold a rightful place; these Churches retain their own traditions, without in any way opposing the primacy of the Chair of Peter, which presides over the whole assembly of charity (11*) and protects legitimate differences, while at the same time assuring that such differences do not hinder unity but rather contribute toward it. 23, cap. Thus the divinely established ecclesiastical ministry is exercised on different levels by those who from antiquity have been called bishops, priests and deacons. Trid., Sess. Encycl. Fulgens corona, 8 sept. 1953: AAS 45 (1953) pp. They also recognize and accept other sacraments within their own Churches or ecclesiastical communities. Mystici Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) p. 245. 1826 (3059). . For we must all "practice the truth in love, and so grow up in all things in Him who is head, Christ. (30*) The individual bishops, however, are the visible principle and foundation of unity in their particular churches, (31*) fashioned after the model of the universal Church, in and from which churches comes into being the one and only Catholic Church. (7) Cfr. (101) The baptized, by regeneration and the anointing of the Holy Spirit, are consecrated as a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, in order that through all those works which are those of the Christian man they may offer spiritual sacrifices and proclaim the power of Him who has called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. He Himself stands as the author and consumator of this holiness of life: "Be you therefore perfect, even as your heavenly Father is perfect". (14*) This perfect continency, out of desire for the kingdom of heaven, has always been held in particular honor in the Church. (254) Since however we know not the day nor the hour, on Our Lord's advice we must be constantly vigilant so that, having finished the course of our earthly life,(255) we may merit to enter into the marriage feast with Him and to be numbered among the blessed(256) and that we may not be ordered to go into eternal fire(257) like the wicked and slothful servant,(258) into the exterior darkness where "there will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth". 2008 2382 et passim. Apost. I XXlV, can. 35, De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz. (107) Those of the faithful who are consecrated by Holy Orders are appointed to feed the Church in Christ's name with the word and the grace of God. The Church, then, considers martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the fullest proof of love. Pius XII, Alloc. L'importance de la presse catholique, 17 febr. (96) So likewise the new Israel which while living in this present age goes in search of a future and abiding city (97) is called the Church of Christ. Rerum Ecclesiae, 28 febr. Mariac, sermo 4: PG 97, 865 A. 6, Decretum de iustificatione, can. It is evident from this that the norms approved by the supreme authority must always be observed. Cfr. They must devote themselves with all their being to the glory of God and the service of their neighbor. 184, a. Encycl. Conc. The Lord called them blessed in His Gospel and they are those whom "the God of all graces, who has called us unto His eternal glory in Christ Jesus, will Himself, after we have suffered a little while, perfect, strengthen and establish".(226). 2. (74) Constitutiones Ecclesiac aegyptiacae, III, 2: ed. Lumen Gentium holds a central place among council documents and has been received by the Church with nearly universal acclaim. Pius XI, Const. (5) Cfr. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 120 ss. Encycl. But the faithful, in virtue of their royal priesthood, join in the offering of the Eucharist. By his profession of the evangelical counsels, then, he is more intimately consecrated to divine service. Therefore, from divine choice the laity have Christ for their brothers who though He is the Lord of all, came not to be served but to serve. Brief History. Deacon Ed Sheffer . (58) Benedictus XIV, Br. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) p. 225. (2) Cfr. 1904: Acta, I, p. 154- Denz. S. Hilarius Pict., In Mt 23, 6: PL 9, 1047. Through her faith and obedience she gave birth on earth to the very Son of the Father, not through the knowledge of man but by the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit, in the manner of a new Eve who placed her faith, not in the serpent of old but in God's messenger without waivering in doubt. (102) Therefore all the disciples of Christ, persevering in prayer and praising God,(103) should present themselves as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God. This was to be the new People of God. (132) The Church has received this solemn mandate of Christ to proclaim the saving truth from the apostles and must carry it out to the very ends of the earth. He sees Matthew as using antithetical parallelism contrasting the two gates, the two ways, sheep and V: De dignigate Patriarcharum: ibid. (2) Cfr. 4: PG 97, 1321 B. M., Philad. 14, 27: PL 44, 980. Apost. Rom. Likewise, the holiness of the Church is fostered in a special way by the observance of the counsels proposed in the Gospel by Our Lord to His disciples. Pius XII, Const. Apost. 16. Boston. 7, 26, 1 Io. This He does in such a way that His work could be compared by the holy Fathers with the function which the principle of life, that is, the soul, fulfills in the human body. 1926: AAS 18 (1926) p. 69. 238 Cf Eph. In this way the building up of the earthly city may have its foundation in the Lord and may tend toward Him, lest perhaps those who build this city shall have labored in vain. S. Ignatius M. Smyrn 8, 1: ed. 61, 2: PL 35, 1800, et alibi saepe. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Let them confidently assign duties to them in the service of the Church, allowing them freedom and room for action. I Oec. 24:45-48; Jn. (85) God, however, does not make men holy and save them merely as individuals, without bond or link between one another. Church authority has the duty, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, of interpreting these evangelical counsels, of regulating their practice and finally to build on them stable forms of living. Modus 81. Liber sacramentorum S. Gregorii, Praefatio in Cathedra S. Petri, in natali S. Mathiae et S. Thomas: PL 78, 50, 51 et 152. L. 2, 9, 23: PG 93, 894 B. (1) Credo in Missa Romana: Symbolum Constantinopolitanum: Mansi 3, 566. 124. (3) He planned to assemble in the holy Church all those who would believe in Christ. 1, Schema Const. (13) Cfr. Therefore, this Sacred Synod encourages and praises the men and women, Brothers and Sisters, who in monasteries, or in schools and hospitals, or in the missions, adorn the Bride of Christ by their unswerving and humble faithfulness in their chosen consecration and render generous services of all kinds to mankind. Priests, prudent cooperators with the Episcopal order,(72*) its aid and instrument, called to serve the people of God, constitute one priesthood (73*) with their bishop although bound by a diversity of duties. II-II, q. II-II, q. (3) Cfr. Pius XII, Litt Encyl. For those ministers, who are endowed with sacred power, serve their brethren, so that all who are of the People of God, and therefore enjoy a true Christian dignity, working toward a common goal freely and in an orderly way, may arrive at salvation. Further, let them encourage lay people so that they may undertake tasks on their own initiative. Pius XII Litt. 2:7; Ps. S Augustinus, Serm. This same state of life is accurately exemplified and perpetually made present in the Church. Haer. (2) Cfr. De Sacra Liturgia, cap. ib., III, 19, 26: col. 152; V, 18, 24: col. 189; In Io. (13) De consiliis in genere, cfr. She gives them the dispositions necessary for baptism, snatches them from the slavery of error and of idols and incorporates them in Christ so that through charity they may grow up into full maturity in Christ. They live in the world, that is, in each and in all of the secular professions and occupations. 2300 (3850). Encycl Divinum illud, 9 maii 1897: AAS 29 (1896-97) p. 6S0. All men are called to this union with Christ, who is the light of the world, from whom we go forth, through whom we live, and toward whom our whole life strains. This most Holy Synod deliberately teaches this Catholic doctrine and at the same time admonishes all the sons of the Church that the cult, especially the liturgical cult, of the Blessed Virgin, be generously fostered, and the practices and exercises of piety, recommended by the magisterium of the Church toward her in the course of centuries be made of great moment, and those decrees, which have been given in the early days regarding the cult of images of Christ, the Blessed Virgin and the saints, be religiously observed. 378-379; Denz. de Nantes already in 1972, that Vatican II was going to start the Church off again on new foundations that it is impossible for us not to . Botte, pp. (72) Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis in praefatione. (21) Cfr. Iur. 67. 33. Without the Church, we do not have the New Testament, the sacraments, sanctifying grace, the magisterium, the saints and their intercession, and the salvific efficacy of the Holy Mass. in B. V. Nat. ; S. Iustinus, Apol., 1, 6S G 6, 428; S. Cyprianus, Epist. (2*), From the point of view of the divine and hierarchical structure of the Church, the religious state of life is not an intermediate state between the clerical and lay states. By Vivian Boland O.P. Can., can. Encycl. S. Augustinus, De Dono Persev. M., Philad., 1, 1; Magn. Lc. That is to say that, instead of emphasizing the vertical line of control, Lumen Gentium emphasizes a horizontal line where the "People of God" are made important (O'Malley 174). They exercise their sacred function especially in the Eucharistic worship or the celebration of the Mass by which acting in the person of Christ (67*) and proclaiming His Mystery they unite the prayers of the faithful with the sacrifice of their Head and renew and apply (68*) in the sacrifice of the Mass until the coming of the Lord(179) the only sacrifice of the New Testament namely that of Christ offering Himself once for all a spotless Victim to the Father. 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Invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz their royal priesthood, join the... For action planted by the supreme authority must always be observed came, by! Renews and leads the Church to perfect union with its Spouse ( 62 * ) this variety of local with!