They must give up completely the use of stimulants, especially liquor. Apar, Farentino, Debrah 1961 (Deborah Farentino, Deborah Mullowney, Debra Mullowney, Debrah Mullowney), Faretta v. California 422 U.S. 806 (1975), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience during and after the World War II Internment. Message to the Black Man in America. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. Contemporary American Religion. He offered the media $100,000 if they could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard were the same person. He lived In Los Angeles. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. Muhammad, Elijah. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. Ford/Fard lied about his background so many times that it's hard to tell what's true and what's not. Using both the Bible and the Qur'an, he began with meetings in houses until he had enough members to rent a storefront, which he called Temple of Islam No. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . . He told his followers that they were not Americans and therefore owed no allegiance to the American flag and could refuse to serve in its military. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. He stated that he was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a Black African father and a Russian Jewish mother, from the Caucasus. . Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. I don't know what to think. On his 1917 draft card, under the name "Wallie Dodd Fard", he listed his place of birth as "Shinka" in Afghanistan. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. 5 (54) To this day, nobody knows. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. The marriage did not last even a year; Ford accused his wife of being an alcoholic and a bad spender. Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from The Holy City Mecca in Saudi Arabia, 1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B, California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. He claimed he was influenced by the group. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). ." The culprits vary depending on who's talking. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. ." [20] Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers. April 15, 2022. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. Muhammad, Akbar. Both provided their race as "Spanish"; Ford claimed that his parents, "Zaradodd" and "Babbjie", were natives of Madrid, Spain. Turner, Richard Brent. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. . In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. Although I'm inclined to believe the official story that he simply fled the country after coming under heat from the police. Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. WebFind out who lives on Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. "[49], The Nation of Islam refutes the claim that Fard and Ford are one and the same in an article posted on the NOI website by Dr. Wesley Muhammad. And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. A 1957 FBI report stated that Muhammad previously lived in Portland, Oregon, under the alias Fred Dodd, and in Los Angeles and Chicago as Wallie/Wallace Dodd Ford. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. Wallace D. Fard, also called Walli Farrad, Farrad Mohammed, F. Mohammed Ali, or Wallace Fard Muhammad, (born c. 1877, Meccadied 1934? He is always referred to reverently as the 'Prophet Elijah in Chicago. The book Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. 1963. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. They must clean themselves up both their bodies and their houses. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. This fits with Ford's former professions. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. Corrections? Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Black Muslims In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. They claim Wallace Dodd Ford was not Wallace Fard Muhammad. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. And those who follow the Apostle would see the Light. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. WebMap of Fawn Creek, KS, Kansas. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. How that ALLAH would separate us from the Devils and, then destroy them; and Change us into a New and Perfect People; and Fill the Earth with FREEDOM, JUSTICE and EQUALITY as it was filled with wickedness; and Making we, the Poor Lost-Founds, the Perfect RULERS."[25]. At the bottom of the card, he signed his name as "Wallie Dodd Ford". rcds.appendChild(rcel); The Black Muslims in America. I think you're right - between Fard's own obfuscation of his past and the FBI's misinformation campaign, we might never know just who he really was. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. Part of Fard's teaching also involved admiration for Japan. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. From then onwards, he is untraceable. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. Uncover property values, resident history, neighborhood safety score, and more! -, Press J to jump to the feed. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. [22], Fard named his community the "Nation of Islam". The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. A World War I draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard[4] from 1917 indicated he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in Shinka, Afghanistan on February 26, 1893. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. 9 Mysterious Disappearances of People Other Than Amelia Earhart, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wallace-D-Fard, Wallace D. Fard - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. "[58], Beynon also wrote: "The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. He lived in Los Angeles with a woman named Hazel Ford. Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many hip-hop songs. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Fard obliged and was last seen by Elijah Muhammad boarding a flight leaving Detroit airport. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. The 26 November 1976 issue of the Nation of Islam journal Bilalian News reports Muhammad Abdullah's first khutbah at the mosque and shows a photo. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. Accordingly, he gave his followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Two days later, Elijah Muhammads son, Wallace Muhammad, was named leader of the NOI, and quickly distanced himself from certain aspects of his fathers teachings most notably those denouncing whites as devils. Through his friendly manner he was able to gain access to the homes of poor African Americans and began to teach about their "true religion," not Christianity but the "religion of the Black Man" of Asia and Africa. They would have been born back in the 1860's, long before Hawaii was a part of the United States. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. He claimed his father was a black Arab and his mother from the Caucasus mountains. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. He also listed his race as Caucasian and his birthdate as February 26, 1893. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! Another story described Fard as Palestinian. Fard taught that approximately 6,000 years ago a black scientist named Yakub conducted gene-manipulation experiments that resulted in the creation of the inferior white race. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. 1960. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca. This new movement, known as the Temple People, identifies the prophet, Mr. W. D. Fard, with the God, Allah. Fard as being Allah (God) and claims that Fard is the source of all of his teachings, it is suggested that an exhaustive effort be made to fully identify and locate W. D. Fard and/or members of his family. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. Many people avoided him because of the wild things he sometimes said." He bases this theory on several indications:[30], The 2019 book Finding W.D. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted in the Detroit News, November 23, 1932. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. Only a few things are certain. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. Fard disappeared in 1934. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. His very name is uncertain. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. [24] He established the University of Islam, where school-age children were taught, rather than in the public schools. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. He was an adviser of Elijah Muhammad since the late 1950s and was the tutor of his son and successor Warith Deen Mohammed. 1997. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. Encyclopedia.com. He gained a reputation as a healer when his customers, after having adhered to the pork-free diet that Fard espoused, began noticing improvements in their health. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. There is No God but ALLAH. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. Fards demise as the leader of the temple was brought upon him when, on Thanksgiving Day in 1932, one of his followers, Robert Harris, renamed Robert Karriem, committed a human sacrifice in order to bring himself closer to Allah. I worked with a devout follower of the noi. To further muddy the waters, C.E. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. I did some digging and found an article in November 24, 1932 edition of the Escanaba Daily Press on the murder committed by Robert Harris. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. Their physical and economic difficulties alike were used to illustrate the new teaching. [44], On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago New Crusader newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for Hitler in World War II". There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. 1, List of people who have been considered deities, "Wallace D. Fard American religious leader", "Nation of Islam at a crossroad as leader exits", "Louis Farrakhan says billionaires 'paying off' black preachers, politicians", "Nation of Islam resonates in Detroit as it returns home for convention", "The Nation of Islam could be Chicago's savior", "Coverage Of "The Voodoo Murders" Mythic Detroit", Appendices: A. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. Black Nationalism: A Search for Identity in America. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. Fard through a vent. I remember researching the noi's history and finding out about what you have written. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. [12], Fard taught a form of black exceptionalism and self-pride to poor Southern blacks during the Great Northward Migration at a time when old ideas of scientific racism were prevalent. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. [47] The paper published the story in an article titled "Black Muslim Founder Exposed As White. Their tainted, weakened blood was to blame for the white races immorality, which they frequently used to keep the black race in a perpetual state of half-freedom. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam.