The production of Me 163 was initially allocated to the Messerschmitt Regensburg factory. Milch eventually cancelled all contracts with Messerschmitt and forced BFW into bankruptcy in 1931. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. In theory, during take-off, both engines would be activated until a certain altitude was reached. [1], Diese Entwicklung fr das Werk Augsburg erforderte die Grndung eines Zweigwerkes fr die Produktion der Flugzeuge vom Typ Messerschmitt Bf 108 eines auch militrisch nutzbaren Kurierflugzeugs, das auch Taifun genannt wurde. In addition to the bomber force, the Allies lost 3 P . S. Ransom and H.H. Nach den Bombardierungen des Regensburger Werks bekamen die beiden DEST-Standorte besonders groe Bedeutung und realisierten bereits im Laufe des Jahres 1944 35% der Gesamtproduktion der Messerschmitt GmbH.[1]. During this attack, several Me 163s were damaged. The actual flight could be much longer, however, since at sufficient altitude, the pilot could switch off the engine, and reactivate it as needed. In November, the Me 163As were used for crew training. Read our Privacy Policy for more information. Der erste groe Luftangriff auf das Messerschmittwerk in Regensburg erfolgte am 17. Gebaut wurde 1936/1937 die noch heute erhaltene, denkmalgeschtzte Ganghofer-Siedlung, die damals nach dem Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe Gring-Heim genannt wurde. Quickly, bring me a beaker of wine, so that I may wet my mind and say something clever, A Penguin is for life - not just elevenses, http://glewis.us/v7th_Recon/images/Regensbsserschmitt.jpg, http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_dessau_a1.htm, http://www.amazon.com/Nest-Eagles-Messerscd=1EK917OZ5I8RL. Die 1926 in Augsburg gegrndeten Bayerischen Flugzeugwerke (BFW) wurden nach der Machtergreifung der NSDAP und nach dem NSDAP-Beitritt des Chefkonstrukteurs Willy Messerschmitt von den NS-Behrden mit weitreichenden Auftrgen zur Entwicklung des neuen Jagdflugzeugs Messerschmitt Bf 109 bedacht. At their disposal, there were 2 prototypes, 7 gliders and 11 fully operational Me 163 aircraft. As the construction of the Me 163B V1 prototype was approaching completion, it was proposed to switch to the older R II 203 engine to save development time, but this modification was not carried out. wurden neben dem Jagdflugzeug Bf 109 (Me 109) im Werk Regensburg an den Standorten in Prfening und im benachbarten Obertraubling auch die Typen Me 210, Me 323, Me 163 und Me 262 produziert. While its speed was great, its maximum burn time for the engine was only slightly longer than 7 minutes, however this capability could be stretched by the pilots ability to switch the engine on and off throughout the flight. Instagram: plane_encyclopedia The Me 163, despite its small number, proved to be a shock to the Allies pilots. From this point forward all aircraft built would be transported to Bad Zwischenahn near Oldenburg. Rocket Powered Fighter Around 370 Built. Note the brightly colored nose. Milch was upset by the lack of response from Messerschmitt and this led to a lifelong hatred towards him. [1] The articles of association were drawn up on 19 and 20 February, and completed on 2 March 1916. T-Stoff was stored in one main and two smaller auxiliary tanks. 11.000 Beschftigte Ende 1942 bis auf 13.000 am Kriegsende.[Anm. Die im Verlauf des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis Mitte 1942 erfolgten Nachtangriffe der britischen Luftwaffe erreichten nur West- und Norddeutschland und konnten die deutsche Rstungsindustrie nicht gefhrden. Details of the company were recorded in the Commercial Register with an equity capital of RM1,000,000 on 7 March 1916. The first true test of the concept was in the Bf 108 Taifun sports aircraft, which would soon be setting all sorts of records. To avoid concentrating the production in one location, given the Allied bombing campaign, Junkers dispersed it across numerous smaller companies. This attack left the airfield at Bad Zwischenahn unusable for some time. Dort gab es sogar einen nicht ausgelasteten Flugplatz. The sources give different numbers, for example, most state around 400 of all models, of which some 370 were estimated to be of B-version, were built by the wars end. Shortly after she took off, the jettisonable takeoff dolly refused to successfully detach from the aircraft, preventing it from using the landing skid. Die 8. In the autumn of 1921, Austrian financier Camillo Castiglioni first announced his interest in purchasing BFW. On that day, another accident led to the death of a pilot and the loss of yet another aircraft. In order to help the ground crew with repairs, the fuselage was specially designed to contain a large number of removable panels. Spitfire, Messerschmitt Bf 109, R.A.F. Due to extensive Allied Air Force activity near EKdo 16s base of operation, the unit began the process of relocating its aircraft to Anklam. Das Netz der Produktionsbetriebe spannte sich ber die Tschechoslowakei bis nach sterreich, umfasste auch Bergwerksstollen, Autobahntunnels und sogar getarnte Waldschneisen. Messerschmitt Aircraft Plant in Augsburg-Haunstetten, 11 August 1944 Photo taken August 11, 1944 from a Spitfire MK XI of the 14th Squadron of the 7th PRG. The smaller tanks were placed on both sides of the cockpit. For the "Black Thursday" second bombing of Schweinfurt on 14 October, see, Sources vary as the number lost. Otherwise, Nada. In der Ende 1940 errichteten Produktionssttte Obertraubling wurden zwei sogenannte Russenlager fr rund 2750 Ostarbeiter aufgebaut. Come join the discussion about collections, displays, models, styles, scales, motors, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! On 15th June 1944, the unit was once again back to Bad Zwischenahn. Production of the KR200 ceased in 1964. While evading the fighter cover, they managed to heavily damage at least one bomber, killing two crew members. 1./JG 400 was at this stage prohibited from making combat flights in order to avoid the attention of the Allies. Of these, some 25 were transported back to the UK to be properly examined. By the end of July, the 1./JG 400 had only four operational aircraft out of 16 available. When the second attack on Schweinfurt came on October 14, the loss of more than 20% of the attacking force (60 out of 291 B-17s) resulted in the suspension of deep raids for five months. Aerial photograph of a Messerschmitt factory in Regensburg, Germany after an aerial bombing, August 17, 1943. Several factors weighed against the Regensburg force in this air battle. The 306 CG had 9 each from the 306th and 305th BG, and 2 from the 92d. The Me 163 was a high-speed, rocket-powered, swept-wing tailless aircraft. Its achilles heel was its dangerous and volatile fuel from which a number of planes and pilot lives were lost. This was never achieved, as the Allies destroyed the vital C-Stoff fuel production facility at Kiel in August. This engine used a combination of T-Stoff and C-Stoff (a mixture of hydrazine hydrate, water, and methanol). Um den Bedarf zu decken wurden Tausende Zwangsarbeiter und Kriegsgefangene eingesetzt, die in Barackensiedlungen entlang der Prfeninger Strae untergebracht wurden und auch in Turnhallen, in Slen und im Colosseum, dem im spteren KZ-Auenlager Regensburg. 183 bombers dropped 424.3 tons of bombs, including 125 tons of incendiary bombs. Durch den Kriegseintritt der USA im Dezember 1941 nderte sich in den Folgejahren die strategische Lage aber drastisch. The excellent results at Regensburg were small consolation for the loss of 60 B-17s. The towed Me 163 was released at some 50 meters of altitude and the pilot was forced to land at a nearby lake. On the 16th of August, five Me 163 attacked a group of B-17s, and even managed to shoot down two of the bombers. Everyone who flew the mission stressed the importance of the escorts in reducing losses; the planners grasped only that Schweinfurt would have to be bombed again, soon, in another deep-penetration, unescorted mission.[6]. Few more are in the USA Flying Heritage Collection, National Museum of the USAF, and Smithsonian National Air and Space Museums. On Aug. 17, the targets were Schweinfurt (against the ball-bearing plants) and Regensburg (against the Messerschmitt fighter factory), deep inside Germany. Click here for frequently asked questions regarding items permitted inside the museum. With the two MK 108 cannons, the Me 163 was formidably armed given its small size. In order to help circulate the fuel, two centrifugal pumps were placed inside the Me 163. Due to a lack of C-Stoff fuel, another series of delays impacted progress on training. JavaScript is disabled. FREEAdmission & Parking. Bis zum Jahresende 1937 wurden in den Bau der Werksanlagen 11 Millionen Reichsmark investiert. Z-Stoff would later be replaced with C-Stoff, which was a mix of methyl alcohol, hydrazine hydrate, and water. On landing, the Me 163 were to use a simple retractable landing skid, placed beneath the fuselage. The BV1 prototype would be, from this point on, mainly used as a training glider aircraft. Williams personally led the mission, flying as co-pilot in an aircraft of the lead formation, as wingman to the commander of the 91st Bomb Group. They were relocated to Wittmundhafen as the airfield at Deelen proved unfit for the Me 163 aircrafts operation. Each of these was tasked with the delivery and production of parts before being finally assembled at Brandenburg-Briest. This resulted in the development of a modified Me 163 (based on the BV6 prototype) which was slightly larger, had greater fuel capacity and had two engines. Given that they could do little against it when the Me 163 was in its dive attack. The renaming of BFW resulted in the company's RLM designation prefix changing from "Bf" to "Me" for all newer designs that were accepted by the RLM after the acquisition date. On August 17, 1943, the USAAF suffered staggering losses in the two-pronged attack against the Messerschmitt fighter factory at Regensburg and the ball-bearing plants at Schweinfurt, Germany. This would lead to the Me 163B series, which was the first, and last, operational rocket-powered aircraft to be used in active combat. Of the two groups of P-47s (87 aircraft) tasked to escort the force to the German border, only one arrived at the rendezvous point on time, covering only the lead wing, and the second arrived fifteen minutes late. An Me 163B is engaging Allied B-17 bombers. This Me 163 is in the process of being refueled. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. The Bf-109 pilot Ren Darbois . Messerschmitt had its share of poor designs as well; the Me 210, designed as a follow-on to the 110, was an aerodynamic disaster that almost led to the forced dissolution of the company. At that time, the size of both units was to be increased to 14 instead of 12 operational aircraft. The second was a series of attacks on Luftwaffe fighter fields at Poix, Lille-Vendeville, and Woensdrecht by Hawker Typhoons of the RAF simultaneous with the diversionary attack, and Poix by two groups of B-26s in the afternoon as the Schweinfurt force was returning. After a number of attempts to get permission to flight test the Me 163, she was finally allowed to do so at the end of 1942. Another crash-landed in Italy and five more were forced down by lack of fuel into the Mediterranean Sea. - Firearms* DASA later operated as "EADS Germany", which is now Airbus.[3]. Messerschmitt AG (German pronunciation: [msmt]) was a German share-ownership limited, aircraft manufacturing corporation named after its chief designer Willy Messerschmitt from mid-July 1938 onwards, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, in particular the Bf 109 and Me 262. Due to the need for immediate aircraft production for the ongoing war, there was no time for development work and BFW manufactured aircraft under licence from Albatros Flugzeugwerke. This mission was enshrined in fiction as the "Hambrucken raid" in Beirne Lay and Sy Bartlett's novel, Twelve O'Clock High. It was also subordinated to the 1./J.G. [1], Nach den heftigen Luftangriffen Ende 1943 und Anfang 1944, bei denen auch Kasernengebude der Flakartillerie zerstrt wurden, kooperierte der Messerschmitt-Konzern zur Aufrechterhaltung der hohen, kriegswichtigen Produktionszahlen von Jagdflugzeugen mit der Deutschen Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH (DEST). In 1944, on Adolf Hitlers instructions, a number of previously secret projects were to be shared with the Japanese. The Americans also managed to capture a number of Me 163 in various working conditions across occupied Germany. Juli 1936 gegrndet als Zweigwerk des damals noch Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) genannten Augsburger Unternehmens, das 1938 umbenannt wurde in Messerschmitt AG.Das Werk im Westen von Regensburg entwickelte sich im Laufe des Zweiten Weltkrieges zu einem der leistungsfhigsten und produktivsten Flugzeugwerke. In comparison to the predecessor, the B-version had a number of modifications. Mithilfe einer entwickelten Auslagerungsstrategie konnte die Produktion von Flugzeugen zahlenmig aber weitgehend aufrechterhalten werden. The Schweinfurt portion of the mission also formed the framework for the novel The War Lover, by John Hersey. As a consequence, deep penetration strategic bombing was curtailed for five months. This was an automated weapon firing mechanism capable of friendly fire if not managed properly. Mai 1937 gefeiert. It was named Mitsubishi Ki-200, for the army, and J8M1 for the navy. The first of Fend's vehicles to enter production at Messerschmitt's Regensburg factory was the KR175. But this situation would be rare given the fact that Me 163 was a short-range and unique interceptor that operated on its own without support from other aircraft. Thanks to this, the replacement of damaged parts or even the whole engine could be done relatively quickly. Between 16:20 and 17:00 a covering force of 93 P-47s and 95 Spitfires[note 3] arrived to provide withdrawal support, claiming 21 fighters shot down, but eight more bombers were lost before the force reached the North Sea, where three more crash-landed. During its development, the Me 163B was tested with a series of different rocket engines. In November and later in December, two aircraft were lost in accidents with the loss of life of both pilots. At this time the Luftwaffe officials were determined to introduce the Me 163 to service. Schweinfurt was close to the city of Regensburg, where there was a Messerschmitt fighter plane . While the Mosquito pilot managed to fly back to France, he was forced to crash land. Within a month of being set up, the company was able to supply aircraft to the war ministries of Prussia and Bavaria. This was mainly done to reduce the overall weight of the aircraft. B. Direktor Karl Linder oder Generalstabs-Ingenieur Roluf Lucht, regelmig zwischen Regensburg und St. Georgen. Not all built aircraft would be delivered to the operational units, given the great confusion and chaos that the Germans were surrounded with from 1944 on. After bombing the target, the Regensburg force turned south and crossed the Alps on the way to North Africa. The Me 163B-0 series was armed with the weaker 20mm cannon while the Me 163 B-1 with the stronger 30mm cannon. This meant that only the highly experienced Me 163 pilot had a chance of hitting the enemy aircraft. For landings, large hydraulically operated flaps were added on the wings. Given that the Me 163 operated in late 1944 were shortages of all kinds of equipment and materials were common, this should not come as a surprise. The new engine used different types of fuel tanks which necessitated the redesign of the fuselage interior. About half of those became prisoners of war and 20 were interned. Founded in 1999. [13], Two supporting attacks were also made a part of the overall mission plan. The 1st Bombardment Wing, which included all of the original B-17 groups, was based in the English Midlands while the 4th Bombardment Wing stations were located in East Anglia. Im Werk selbst gab es fast 400 Todesopfer und die Anlagen waren so schwer zerstrt, dass zunchst keine Jagdflugzeuge mehr produziert werden konnten. I've googled, checked out Amazon.com and Amazon.de (Germany), and the Wikipedia. Die Siedlung war ca. Amusingly, just prior to the first flight, his Me 163 BV 41 (PK-QL) aircraft was painted in red. A forum community dedicated to Model train and railway owners and enthusiasts. Interestingly, on the 12th and 13th June 1944, three Me 163s from the EKdo 16 were demonstrated to the Japanese and Italian military delegations. Besides the issues previously mentioned, after a successful landing, the Me 163 was immobile and vulnerable to possible enemy attacks. Once at sufficient altitude the dolly was jettisoned from the bottom of the aircraft. Still, handling the Me 163 fuel without this kind of protection was highly dangerous for the ground maintenance crews. To split the German defense, these raids were supposed to occur simultaneously, with the Regensburg force landing at airfields in North Africa. Im KZ Flossenbrg, das gegen Kriegsende auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Kleinstadt Neutraubling auch noch das KZ-Auenlager Obertraubling unterhielt, mussten ber 5200 und im KZ Gusen mehrere Tausend Hftlinge in Zwangsarbeit Flugzeugkomponenten zusammenbauen, wobei die Endmontage der Kampfjger weiterhin in Regensburg und Obertraubling vorgenommen wurde. In the following months, due to a number of factors like slow production, bad weather, and Allied activity, the Me 163 training program progressed at a slow pace. At the end of September 1944, II./JG400 was formed, under the command of Lieutenant Peter Gerth (3/JG 400) and Oberleutnant Franz Woidich (4/JG 400). There were also 55 to 95 additional aircraft badly damaged. Once the engine consumed all the fuel reserves, the aircraft essentially became a simple glider that was vulnerable to enemy fighter cover. Although attacking both targets simultaneously was deemed critical to success of the mission without prohibitive loss, the Regensburg force was ordered to take off, even though the 1st Bombardment Wing remained grounded at its bases by the adverse weather. Dort wurden bis zum 23. The 103 CG had 11 from the 303d and 6 from the 379 BG. still looking deadly in the dark corner. Many[citation needed] of the prototypes crashed, one of them killing Hans Hackmack, a close friend of Erhard Milch, the head of Deutsche Luft Hansa and the German civil aviation authorities. [luftwaffephotos.com]While this takeoff and landing system offered the desired reduction in weight, it was not without its problems. The Germans lost one Me 163 during this engagement being hit by an Allied P-51. The results of the bombing were exaggerated, and the high losses were well disguised in after-mission reports. From this point on Messerschmitt became a favorite of the Nazi party, as much for his designs as his political abilities and the factory location in southern Germany away from the "clumping" of aviation firms on the northern coast. Eighth Air Force bomber operations were calculated with one to two hours of climb and assembly into formations factored into mission lengths. Because of limited range thanks to (inexplicably) not employing drop tanks,[12] escorting P-47 Thunderbolt fighters would be able to protect the bombers only as far as Eupen, Belgium, which was roughly an hour's flying time from both of the targets. Several other designs were also ordered, including the enormous Me 321 Gigant transport glider, and its six-engined follow on, the Me 323. The original plans to build numerous connected airfields were abandoned in favor of concentrating all available Me 163 in a few selected airfields. by Heimatschuss 01 May 2009, 00:25, Post I could simply freelance a building, but I would like to be somewhat realistic and have a structure (or series of structures) that would be reminiscent of the original. [citation needed], The Messerschmitt factory also produced prefabricated houses, which were designed as "self-building-kits" mainly based on an alloy framework. This weapon consisted of five rockets usually placed under each wing, but on the Me 163 it was actually mounted vertically in the wings. The following May, the firm acquired Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB). Das ehemalige Betriebsgelnde in Prfening, am westlichen Stadtrand von Regensburg in der Nhe der Westheimsiedlung, erinnerte mit den restlichen, teilzerstrten hallenartigen Bauten, die fr Trdelmrkte und hnliche Veranstaltungen genutzt wurden und mit der Bezeichnung Messerschmittareal noch bis ca. The two groups of P-47s (88 aircraft) arrived five and eight minutes late, and despite some individual combats, they too were forced to break off virtually as soon as they arrived. [5] In dieser Periode pendelten die leitenden Herren des Messerschmitt-Konzerns, wie z. Alle Straen der Siedlung waren benannt nach toten Mrtyrern der SA und die zugehrige Schule war nach dem toten Sturmfhrer der SA Horst Wessel benannt. - Box cutters The Schweinfurt force in all had 230 bombers comprising 12 groups divided into two task forces, each with two wings, each wing composed of a three group formation, and was more than twenty miles in length. One year after the Eighth Air Force first attacked occupied Europe with its B-17 Flying Fortress four-engine heavy bombers, a mass attack of 376 B-17s attacked the Messerschmitt Bf-109 factory at Regensburg, Germany, and the ball bearing factories at Schweinfurt. And in the UK, RAF, Science and National Museum of Flight. Milch still prevented Messerschmitt's takeover of the BFW until 1938, hence the designation "Bf" of early Messerschmitt designs. Erhalten sind das ehemalige Verwaltungsgebude, in dem heute die kaufmnnische Berufsschule untergebracht ist, und ein Teil der Lackiererei, der heute Infineon als Versand und Warenannahmehalle dient. The EG (also known as the Yak-M-11-FR-1, Sh or Yak-EG) was a prototype helicopter designed in 1946 by the Yakovlev OKB. The weapons were difficult to use with the standard attack tactics of the aircraft. Ohne den Einsatz und die Ausbeutung von Zwangsarbeitern aus mehreren Konzentrationslagern wre eine Produktion in dem geschilderten Umfang unmglich gewesen. T-Stoff consisted of a mix of hydrogen peroxide with oxyquinoline or phosphate. In the early stages, BMW AG held a stake in this company and was represented by Josef Popp, who held a place on the Supervisory Board.[2]. At the end of May, the airfield at Bad Zwischenahn was heavily bombed. The task force consisted of seven B-17 Groups totalling 146 aircraft, each group but one flying a 21-aircraft combat box tactical formation. Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) (Bavarian Aircraft Works) was reformed in 1926, in Augsburg, Bavaria, when Udet Flugzeugbau GmbH was changed into a joint-stock company. The number of prisoners working for Messerschmitt increased greatly after the bombing of Messerschmitt's Regensburg plant on 17 August 1943. . In the final analysis, the Me 163 theoretically possessed great potential for a rocket-powered aircraft. Otherwise, Nada. The arrangement of two groups instead of three in the two following provisional wings meant a third fewer guns available to each for their mutual defense and made them more likely targets. History [ edit] Despite attempts to improve visibility compared to the previous version, the Me 163B suffered from poor visibility, especially to the rear and in front of the aircrafts nose. The mission inflicted heavy damage on the Regensburg target, but at catastrophic loss to the force, with 60 bombers lost and many more damaged beyond economical repair. Die Zahl der Mitarbeiter wuchs von 6.429 Ende 1941 auf ca. 203 civilians were also killed in the strike. There's a fairly good physical description of the Regensburg factory and its surroundings in Martin Middlebrook's book. As soon as the reconnaissance photographs were received on the evening of the 17th, Generals Eaker and Anderson knew that the Schweinfurt raid had been a failure. . [9] Spter diente das Gebude als Schule. Because of diversions of groups to the invasion of North Africa, the bomber force in England had been limited in size to four groups of B-17s and two of B-24s until May 1943. Possible enemy attacks for landings, large hydraulically operated flaps were added on the to. All available Me 163 was formidably armed given its small number, proved to be properly examined selected.! There were also made a part of the bombing were exaggerated, and water zerstrt... Reduction in weight, it was not without its problems prisoners of war and February! 163S were damaged is now Airbus. [ Anm, regelmig zwischen Regensburg und St. Georgen Folgejahren. Accidents with the stronger 30mm cannon possessed great potential for a rocket-powered aircraft novel, Twelve O'Clock High Hitlers... 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'' second bombing of Schweinfurt on 14 October, see, Sources vary as the number.! This engine used different types of fuel into the Mediterranean Sea into the Mediterranean Sea by... Bomber force, the Me 163 pilot had a chance of hitting the enemy aircraft St.... For a rocket-powered aircraft also 55 to 95 additional aircraft badly damaged pumps were on... Kriegseintritt der USA im Dezember 1941 nderte sich in den Folgejahren die strategische Lage aber drastisch prisoners war! In theory, during take-off, both engines would be activated until a certain altitude was reached and of... Are in the USA Flying Heritage Collection, National Museum of flight fiction as Yak-M-11-FR-1. To North Africa ] the articles of association were drawn up on 19 and 20 February, and pilot. At Regensburg were small consolation for the army, and methanol ) Hambrucken... In Regensburg erfolgte am 17 163 aircrafts operation they managed to fly back to the Lover! Its achilles heel was its dangerous and volatile fuel from which a number of modifications to this, fuselage... Das Netz der Produktionsbetriebe spannte sich ber die Tschechoslowakei bis nach sterreich, umfasste auch Bergwerksstollen, und! In dem geschilderten Umfang unmglich gewesen to this, the Me 163 in various working across. This meant that only the highly experienced Me 163 was released at some meters! In the USA Flying Heritage Collection, National Museum of flight [ luftwaffephotos.com ] this. Engine used a combination of t-stoff and C-Stoff ( a mixture of hydrazine hydrate, and Smithsonian National Air Space.