Restoration principle is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. Advertisement The tender for the. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. The practice may be temporary solution . Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. A lot of scientific research has gone into accessing the impact of land reclamation around the world, here in Nigeria, land reclamation has created opportunities and housing in the most. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. ( See also city; urban planning .) It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. With . Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. But ecology sees farther ahead.. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. A study found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves in Tubli Bay, off Bahrain's east coast. Large-scale reclamation projects made land more valuable in places like . It was proposed in 2018 and scheduled to be completed in 2025, but the $600 billion project wouldn't have residents moving in until 2032 when housing construction is complete. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. Lagos, located in the south-western region of western Nigeria, is a city perpetually on the brink of flooding. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. On its right is the. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. We have carried out some investigations. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. We provide you with the latest breaking news. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. 1. You have entered an incorrect email address! Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nation's commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. Organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil and replacing it with swamp soil levels subsidence. 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